[FEATURE] Add palindrome number checker (#3046)

math/palindrome_number.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief Check whether a number is a palindrome.
+ */
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cassert>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Checks if a number is a palindrome.
+ * @param n Number to check
+ * @return true if palindrome, false otherwise
+ */
+bool is_palindrome(int n) {
+    if (n < 0) {
+        return false;  // negative numbers are not palindromes
+    }
+    int original = n;
+    int reversed = 0;
+
+    while (n > 0) {
+        reversed = reversed * 10 + (n % 10);
+        n /= 10;
+    }
+
+    return original == reversed;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Self-test implementations
+ */
+static void tests() {
+    assert(is_palindrome(121) == true);
+    assert(is_palindrome(123) == false);
+    assert(is_palindrome(0) == true);
+    assert(is_palindrome(7) == true);
+    assert(is_palindrome(-121) == false);
+
+    std::cout << "All tests passed!\n";
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Main function
+ */
+int main() {
+    tests();
+    return 0;
+}