[CSRanking] Disambiguate static vs. instance method that used to be supported by a performance hack

Handle the following situation:

```swift
struct S {
   func test() {}
   static func test(_: S) {}
}
```

Calling `S.test(s)` where `s` has a type `S` without any other context
should prefer a complete call to a static member over a partial
application of an instance once based on the choice of the base type.

The behavior is consistent for double-applies as well i.e.
`S.test(s)()` if static method produced a function type it would be
preferred.

Resolves: rdar://165862285

Author: xedin

lib/Sema/CSRanking.cpp

@@ -746,6 +746,29 @@ bool CompareDeclSpecializationRequest::evaluate(
       unsigned numParams1 = params1.size();
       unsigned numParams2 = params2.size();
 
+      // Handle the following situation:
+      //
+      // struct S {
+      //    func test() {}
+      //    static func test(_: S) {}
+      // }
+      //
+      // Calling `S.test(s)` where `s` has a type `S` without any other context
+      // should prefer a complete call to a static member over a partial
+      // application of an instance once based on the choice of the base type.
+      //
+      // The behavior is consistent for double-applies as well i.e.
+      // `S.test(s)()` if static method produced a function type it would be
+      // preferred.
+      if (decl1->isInstanceMember() != decl2->isInstanceMember() &&
+          isa<FuncDecl>(decl1) && isa<FuncDecl>(decl2)) {
+        auto selfTy = decl1->isInstanceMember() ? selfTy2 : selfTy1;
+        auto params = decl1->isInstanceMember() ? params2 : params1;
+        if (params.size() == 1 && params[0].getPlainType()->isEqual(selfTy)) {
+          return completeResult(!decl1->isInstanceMember());
+        }
+      }
+
       if (numParams1 > numParams2)
         return completeResult(false);
 

test/Constraints/old_hack_related_ambiguities.swift

@@ -414,3 +414,58 @@ do {
     }
   }
 }
+
+do {
+  struct S {
+    func test() {}
+    static func test(_: S...) {}
+
+    func doubleApply() {}
+    static func doubleApply(_: S) -> () -> Int { { 42 } }
+  }
+
+  func test(s: S) {
+    let res1 = S.test(s)
+    // expected-warning@-1 {{constant 'res1' inferred to have type '()', which may be unexpected}}
+    // expected-note@-2 {{add an explicit type annotation to silence this warning}}
+    _ = res1
+
+    let res2 = {
+      S.test(s)
+    }
+    let _: () -> Void = res2
+
+    let _ = { () async -> Void in
+      _ = 42
+      return S.test(s)
+    }
+
+    let res3 = S.doubleApply(s)
+    let _: () -> Int = res3
+
+    let res4 = S.doubleApply(s)()
+    let _: Int = res4
+
+    let res5 = { S.doubleApply(s)() }
+    let _: () -> Int = res5
+
+    let res6 = {
+      _ = 42
+      return S.doubleApply(s)
+    }
+    let _: () -> Int = res6()
+  }
+
+  func testAsyncContext(s: S) async {
+    let res1 = S.test(s)
+    // expected-warning@-1 {{constant 'res1' inferred to have type '()', which may be unexpected}}
+    // expected-note@-2 {{add an explicit type annotation to silence this warning}}
+    _ = res1
+
+    let res2 = S.doubleApply(s)
+    let _: () -> Int = res2
+
+    let res3 = S.doubleApply(s)()
+    let _: Int = res3
+  }
+}