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Source/Documentation/Manual/physics.rst

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@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ General Introduction to Steam Locomotives
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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Principles of Train Movement
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""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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............................
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Key Points to Remember:
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@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ Key Points to Remember:
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- Low Factors of Adhesion will cause the locomotive's driving wheels to slip.
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Forces Impacting Train Movement
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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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The steam locomotive is a heat engine which converts *heat* energy generated
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through the burning of fuel, such as coal, into heat and ultimately steam.
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ The sections below describe in more detail the forces of tractive effort
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and train resistance.
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Train Resistance
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................
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The movement of the train is opposed by a number of different forces which
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are collectively grouped together to form the *train resistance*.
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ straight level track):
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a train is travelling through a tunnel.
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Tractive Effort
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"""""""""""""""
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...............
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Tractive Effort is created by the action of the steam against the pistons,
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which, through the media of rods, crossheads, etc., cause the wheels to
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- D = diameter of drive wheels (in)
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Theoretical Tractive Effort
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...........................
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To allow the comparison of different locomotives, as well as determining
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their relative pulling ability, a theoretical approximate value of
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companies.
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Factor of Adhesion
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..................
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The factor of adhesion describes the likelihood of the locomotive slipping
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when force is applied to the wheels and rails, and is the ratio of the
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slippage on the rail.
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Indicated HorsePower (IHP)
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..........................
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Indicated Horsepower is the theoretical power produced by a steam
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locomotive. The generally accepted formula for Indicated Horsepower is::
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:scale: 80%
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Hauling Capacity of Locomotives
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Thus it can be seen that the hauling capacity is determined by the
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summation of the tractive effort and the train resistance.
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direction of travel of the train.
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Elements of Steam Locomotive Operation
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A steam locomotive is a very complex piece of machinery that has many
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component parts, each of which will influence the performance of the
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- Cylinder (Work done)
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Boiler and Fire (Heat conversion)
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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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.................................
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The amount of work that a locomotive can do will be determined by the
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amount of steam that can be produced (evaporated) by the boiler.
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tended to be more efficient then a saturated locomotive.
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Cylinder (Work done)
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To drive the locomotive forward, steam was injected into the cylinder
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which pushed the piston backwards and forwards, and this in turn rotated
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upon the design factors used.
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Locomotive Types
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During the course of their development, many different types of
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locomotives were developed, some of the more common categories are as
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operation of the locomotive.
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Superheated Locomotives
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In the early 1900s, superheaters were fitted to some locomotives. As the
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name was implied a superheater was designed to raise the steam temperature
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effectively increased the heating area of the locomotive.
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Geared Locomotives
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In industrial type railways, such as those used in the logging industry,
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spurs to coal mines were often built to very cheap standards. As a
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.. _physics-steam-firing:
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Open Rails Steam Functionality (Fireman)
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The Open Rails Steam locomotive functionality provides two operational
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options:
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modes.
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Hot or Cold Start
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The locomotive can be started either in a hot or cold mode. Hot mode
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simulates a locomotive which has a full head of steam and is ready for duty.
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:ref:`Simulation <options-simulation>` tab.
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Main Steam Locomotive Controls
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This section will describe the control and management of the steam
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locomotive based upon the assumption that the Automatic fireman is
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(Open Rails Keys: ``<'>`` = increase, ``<;>`` = decrease)
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Recommended Option Settings
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For added realism of the performance of the steam locomotive, it is
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suggested that the following settings be considered for selection in the
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description of these functions.
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Locomotive Starting
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Open the cylinder cocks. They are to remain open until the engine has
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traversed a distance of about an average train length, consistent with
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risk of coupler breakages.
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Locomotive Running
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Theoretically, when running, the regulator should always be fully open and
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the speed of the locomotive controlled, as desired, by the reverser. For
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fashion as previously.
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Steam Boiler Heat Radiation Loss
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................................
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A certain amount of heat is lost from the boiler of a steam locomotive. An
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uninsulated boiler could lose a lot of heat and this impacts on the
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- ``ORTSHeatCoefficientInsulation`` - Thermal conduction coefficient. Default UoM - (BTU / (ft\ :sup:`2` / hr.) / (1 (in. / F))
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Steam Boiler Blowdown
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Over time as steam is evaporated from the boiler a concentration of impurities
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will build up in the boiler. The boiler blowdown valve was used to remove these
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sediments from the boiler which could impact its efficiency. Depending upon the
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A special steam effect can also be added. See the section on steam effects.
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Steam Locomotive Carriage Steam Heat Modelling
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Overview
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........

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