In draft2019-09, you cannot reference arbitrary locations.

Author: jgraettinger

remotes/subSchemas.json

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 {
-    "integer": {
-        "type": "integer"
-    },
-    "refToInteger": {
-        "$ref": "#/integer"
+    "$defs": {
+        "integer": {
+            "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "refToInteger": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/integer"
+        }
     }
 }

tests/draft2019-09/ref.json

@@ -75,13 +75,21 @@
     {
         "description": "escaped pointer ref",
         "schema": {
-            "tilda~field": {"type": "integer"},
-            "slash/field": {"type": "integer"},
-            "percent%field": {"type": "integer"},
+            "$defs": {
+                "tilda~field": {
+                    "type": "integer"
+                },
+                "slash/field": {
+                    "type": "integer"
+                },
+                "percent%field": {
+                    "type": "integer"
+                }
+            },
             "properties": {
-                "tilda": {"$ref": "#/tilda~0field"},
-                "slash": {"$ref": "#/slash~1field"},
-                "percent": {"$ref": "#/percent%25field"}
+                "tilda": {"$ref": "#/$defs/tilda~0field"},
+                "slash": {"$ref": "#/$defs/slash~1field"},
+                "percent": {"$ref": "#/$defs/percent%25field"}
             }
         },
         "tests": [

tests/draft2019-09/refRemote.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     },
     {
         "description": "fragment within remote ref",
-        "schema": {"$ref": "http://localhost:1234/subSchemas.json#/integer"},
+        "schema": {"$ref": "http://localhost:1234/subSchemas.json#/$defs/integer"},
         "tests": [
             {
                 "description": "remote fragment valid",
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     {
         "description": "ref within remote ref",
         "schema": {
-            "$ref": "http://localhost:1234/subSchemas.json#/refToInteger"
+            "$ref": "http://localhost:1234/subSchemas.json#/$defs/refToInteger"
         },
         "tests": [
             {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
         "schema": {
             "$id": "http://localhost:1234/scope_change_defs1.json",
             "type" : "object",
-            "properties": {"list": {"$ref": "#/$defs/baz"}},
+            "properties": {"list": {"$ref": "folder/"}},
             "$defs": {
                 "baz": {
                     "$id": "folder/",
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
         "schema": {
             "$id": "http://localhost:1234/scope_change_defs2.json",
             "type" : "object",
-            "properties": {"list": {"$ref": "#/$defs/baz/$defs/bar"}},
+            "properties": {"list": {"$ref": "folder/#/$defs/bar"}},
             "$defs": {
                 "baz": {
                     "$id": "folder/",