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feat: add solutions to lc problem: No.0955
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solution/0900-0999/0955.Delete Columns to Make Sorted II/README.md

Lines changed: 187 additions & 18 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -79,37 +79,206 @@ strs 的列已经是按字典序排列了,所以我们不需要删除任何东
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<!-- solution:start -->
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### 方法一
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### 方法一:贪心
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字符串按字典序比较时,从左到右比较,第一个不相等的字符决定了两个字符串的大小关系。因此我们可以从左到右遍历每一列,判断当前列是否需要删除。
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我们维护一个长度为 $n - 1$ 的布尔数组 $\textit{st}$,表示相邻的字符串对是否已经确定了大小关系。如果已经确定了大小关系,那么后续在这两个字符串之间的任何字符比较都不会改变它们的大小关系。
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对于每一列 $j$,我们遍历所有相邻的字符串对 $(\textit{strs}[i], \textit{strs}[i + 1])$:
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- 如果 $\textit{st}[i]$ 为假且 $\textit{strs}[i][j] > \textit{strs}[i + 1][j]$,说明当前列必须删除,我们将答案加一并跳过该列的处理;
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- 否则,如果 $\textit{st}[i]$ 为假且 $\textit{strs}[i][j] < \textit{strs}[i + 1][j]$,说明当前列确定了这两个字符串的大小关系,我们将 $\textit{st}[i]$ 设为真。
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遍历完所有列后,答案即为需要删除的列数。
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这个贪心策略是最优的,因为字典序由从左到右第一个不同列决定。若当前列不删除且导致某对字符串顺序错误,则无论后续列如何,都无法修正这一错误,因此必须删除当前列。若当前列不删除且不导致任何字符串对顺序错误,则保留当前列不会影响最终的字典序关系。
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时间复杂度 $O(n \times m)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$,其中 $n$ 和 $m$ 分别为字符串数组的长度和每个字符串的长度。
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<!-- tabs:start -->
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#### Python3
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```python
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class Solution:
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def minDeletionSize(self, strs: List[str]) -> int:
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n = len(strs)
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m = len(strs[0])
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st = [False] * (n - 1)
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ans = 0
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for j in range(m):
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must_del = False
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for i in range(n - 1):
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if not st[i] and strs[i][j] > strs[i + 1][j]:
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must_del = True
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break
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if must_del:
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ans += 1
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else:
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for i in range(n - 1):
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if not st[i] and strs[i][j] < strs[i + 1][j]:
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st[i] = True
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return ans
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```
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#### Java
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```java
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class Solution {
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public int minDeletionSize(String[] A) {
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if (A == null || A.length <= 1) {
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return 0;
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public int minDeletionSize(String[] strs) {
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int n = strs.length;
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int m = strs[0].length();
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boolean[] st = new boolean[n - 1];
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int ans = 0;
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for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
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boolean mustDel = false;
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for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
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if (!st[i] && strs[i].charAt(j) > strs[i + 1].charAt(j)) {
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mustDel = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (mustDel) {
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++ans;
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} else {
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for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
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if (!st[i] && strs[i].charAt(j) < strs[i + 1].charAt(j)) {
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st[i] = true;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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int len = A.length, wordLen = A[0].length(), res = 0;
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boolean[] cut = new boolean[len];
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search:
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for (int j = 0; j < wordLen; j++) {
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// 判断第 j 列是否应当保留
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for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
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if (!cut[i] && A[i].charAt(j) > A[i + 1].charAt(j)) {
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res += 1;
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continue search;
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return ans;
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}
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}
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```
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#### C++
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```cpp
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class Solution {
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public:
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int minDeletionSize(vector<string>& strs) {
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int n = strs.size();
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int m = strs[0].size();
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vector<bool> st(n - 1, false);
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int ans = 0;
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for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
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bool mustDel = false;
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for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
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if (!st[i] && strs[i][j] > strs[i + 1][j]) {
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mustDel = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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// 更新 cut 的信息
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for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
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if (A[i].charAt(j) < A[i + 1].charAt(j)) {
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cut[i] = true;
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if (mustDel) {
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++ans;
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} else {
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for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
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if (!st[i] && strs[i][j] < strs[i + 1][j]) {
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st[i] = true;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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return res;
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return ans;
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}
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};
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```
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#### Go
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```go
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func minDeletionSize(strs []string) int {
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n := len(strs)
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m := len(strs[0])
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st := make([]bool, n-1)
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ans := 0
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for j := 0; j < m; j++ {
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mustDel := false
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for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {
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if !st[i] && strs[i][j] > strs[i+1][j] {
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mustDel = true
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break
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}
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}
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if mustDel {
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ans++
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} else {
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for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {
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if !st[i] && strs[i][j] < strs[i+1][j] {
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st[i] = true
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}
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}
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}
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}
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return ans
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}
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```
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#### TypeScript
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```ts
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function minDeletionSize(strs: string[]): number {
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const n = strs.length;
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const m = strs[0].length;
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const st: boolean[] = Array(n - 1).fill(false);
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let ans = 0;
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for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
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let mustDel = false;
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for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
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if (!st[i] && strs[i][j] > strs[i + 1][j]) {
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mustDel = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (mustDel) {
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ans++;
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} else {
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for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
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if (!st[i] && strs[i][j] < strs[i + 1][j]) {
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st[i] = true;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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return ans;
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}
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```
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#### Rust
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```rust
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impl Solution {
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pub fn min_deletion_size(strs: Vec<String>) -> i32 {
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let n = strs.len();
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let m = strs[0].len();
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let mut st = vec![false; n - 1];
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let mut ans = 0;
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for j in 0..m {
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let mut must_del = false;
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for i in 0..n - 1 {
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if !st[i] && strs[i].as_bytes()[j] > strs[i + 1].as_bytes()[j] {
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must_del = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if must_del {
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ans += 1;
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} else {
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for i in 0..n - 1 {
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if !st[i] && strs[i].as_bytes()[j] < strs[i + 1].as_bytes()[j] {
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st[i] = true;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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ans
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}
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}
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```

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