diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index aebb5828..a4cded85 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-chains"
-version = "0.2.21"
+version = "0.2.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b9ebac8ff9c2f07667e1803dc777304337e160ce5153335beb45e8ec0751808"
+checksum = "4bc32535569185cbcb6ad5fa64d989a47bccb9a08e27284b1f2a3ccf16e6d010"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rlp",
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-consensus"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2e318e25fb719e747a7e8db1654170fc185024f3ed5b10f86c08d448a912f6e2"
+checksum = "ad704069c12f68d0c742d0cad7e0a03882b42767350584627fbf8a47b1bf1846"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eips",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-consensus-any"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "364380a845193a317bcb7a5398fc86cdb66c47ebe010771dde05f6869bf9e64a"
+checksum = "bc374f640a5062224d7708402728e3d6879a514ba10f377da62e7dfb14c673e6"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -153,9 +153,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-contract"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08d39c80ffc806f27a76ed42f3351a455f3dc4f81d6ff92c8aad2cf36b7d3a34"
+checksum = "15c493b2812943f7b58191063a8d13ea97c76099900869c08231e8eba3bf2f92"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-dyn-abi",
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-eips"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a4c4d7c5839d9f3a467900c625416b24328450c65702eb3d8caff8813e4d1d33"
+checksum = "7e867b5fd52ed0372a95016f3a37cbff95a9d5409230fbaef2d8ea00e8618098"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eip2124",
  "alloy-eip2930",
@@ -287,9 +287,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-genesis"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ba4b1be0988c11f0095a2380aa596e35533276b8fa6c9e06961bbfe0aebcac5"
+checksum = "b90be17e9760a6ba6d13cebdb049cea405ebc8bf57d90664ed708cc5bc348342"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eips",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -302,9 +302,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-hardforks"
-version = "0.4.5"
+version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d9a33550fc21fd77a3f8b63e99969d17660eec8dcc50a95a80f7c9964f7680b"
+checksum = "1e29d7eacf42f89c21d7f089916d0bdb4f36139a31698790e8837d2dbbd4b2c3"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-chains",
  "alloy-eip2124",
@@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-json-rpc"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f72cf87cda808e593381fb9f005ffa4d2475552b7a6c5ac33d087bf77d82abd0"
+checksum = "dcab4c51fb1273e3b0f59078e0cdf8aa99f697925b09f0d2055c18be46b4d48c"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-sol-types",
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-network"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "12aeb37b6f2e61b93b1c3d34d01ee720207c76fe447e2a2c217e433ac75b17f5"
+checksum = "196d7fd3f5d414f7bbd5886a628b7c42bd98d1b126f9a7cff69dbfd72007b39c"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-consensus-any",
@@ -369,9 +369,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-network-primitives"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "abd29ace62872083e30929cd9b282d82723196d196db589f3ceda67edcc05552"
+checksum = "0d3ae2777e900a7a47ad9e3b8ab58eff3d93628265e73bbdee09acf90bf68f75"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -400,9 +400,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-op-hardforks"
-version = "0.4.5"
+version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f96fb2fce4024ada5b2c11d4076acf778a0d3e4f011c6dfd2ffce6d0fcf84ee9"
+checksum = "95ac97adaba4c26e17192d81f49186ac20c1e844e35a00e169c8d3d58bc84e6b"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-chains",
  "alloy-hardforks",
@@ -424,8 +424,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "derive_more",
  "foldhash 0.2.0",
  "getrandom 0.3.4",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "itoa",
  "k256",
  "keccak-asm",
@@ -442,9 +442,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-provider"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b710636d7126e08003b8217e24c09f0cca0b46d62f650a841736891b1ed1fc1"
+checksum = "9f9bf40c9b2a90c7677f9c39bccd9f06af457f35362439c0497a706f16557703"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-chains",
  "alloy-consensus",
@@ -484,9 +484,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-pubsub"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cdd4c64eb250a18101d22ae622357c6b505e158e9165d4c7974d59082a600c5e"
+checksum = "acfdbe41e2ef1a7e79b5ea115baa750f9381ac9088fb600f4cedc731cf04a151"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -523,14 +523,14 @@ checksum = "64b728d511962dda67c1bc7ea7c03736ec275ed2cf4c35d9585298ac9ccf3b73"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-client"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d0882e72d2c1c0c79dcf4ab60a67472d3f009a949f774d4c17d0bdb669cfde05"
+checksum = "e7c2630fde9ff6033a780635e1af6ef40e92d74a9cacb8af3defc1b15cfebca5"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -554,9 +554,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "39cf1398cb33aacb139a960fa3d8cf8b1202079f320e77e952a0b95967bf7a9f"
+checksum = "ad098153a12382c22a597e865530033f5e644473742d6c733562d448125e02a2"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-engine",
@@ -567,9 +567,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-admin"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2bcf50ccb65d29b8599f8f5e23dcac685f1d79459654c830cba381345760e901"
+checksum = "b7604c415f725bd776d46dae44912c276cc3d8af37f37811e5675389791aa0c6"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-genesis",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -579,9 +579,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-anvil"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e176c26fdd87893b6afeb5d92099d8f7e7a1fe11d6f4fe0883d6e33ac5f31ba"
+checksum = "214d9d1033c173ab8fa32edd8a4655cd784447c820b0b66cd0d5167e049567d6"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -591,9 +591,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-any"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6a63fb40ed24e4c92505f488f9dd256e2afaed17faa1b7a221086ebba74f4122"
+checksum = "50b8429b5b62d21bf3691eb1ae12aaae9bb496894d5a114e3cc73e27e6800ec8"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus-any",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -602,9 +602,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-beacon"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1786681640d4c60f22b6b8376b0f3fa200360bf1c3c2cb913e6c97f51928eb1b"
+checksum = "f67f8269e8b5193a5328dd3ef4d60f93524071e53a993776e290581a59aa15fa"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eips",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -622,9 +622,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-debug"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1b2ca3a434a6d49910a7e8e51797eb25db42ef8a5578c52d877fcb26d0afe7bc"
+checksum = "01731601ea631bd825c652a225701ab466c09457f446b8d8129368a095389c5d"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "derive_more",
@@ -634,9 +634,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-engine"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c60bdce3be295924122732b7ecd0b2495ce4790bedc5370ca7019c08ad3f26e"
+checksum = "9981491bb98e76099983f516ec7de550db0597031f5828c994961eb4bb993cce"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -654,9 +654,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-eth"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9eae0c7c40da20684548cbc8577b6b7447f7bf4ddbac363df95e3da220e41e72"
+checksum = "29031a6bf46177d65efce661f7ab37829ca09dd341bc40afb5194e97600655cc"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-consensus-any",
@@ -676,9 +676,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-mev"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49a97bfc6d9b411c85bb08e1174ddd3e5d61b10d3bd13f529d6609f733cb2f6f"
+checksum = "c5c5c78bdd2c72c47e66ab977af420fb4a10279707d4edbd2575693c47aa54a2"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -691,9 +691,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-trace"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c55324323aa634b01bdecb2d47462a8dce05f5505b14a6e5db361eef16eda476"
+checksum = "01b842f5aac6676ff4b2e328262d03bdf49807eaec3fe3a4735c45c97388518b"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -705,9 +705,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-txpool"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96b1aa28effb6854be356ce92ed64cea3b323acd04c3f8bfb5126e2839698043"
+checksum = "7fa12c608873beeb7afa392944dce8829fa8a50c487f266863bb2dd6b743c4a2"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -717,9 +717,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-serde"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0df1987ed0ff2d0159d76b52e7ddfc4e4fbddacc54d2fbee765e0d14d7c01b5"
+checksum = "01e856112bfa0d9adc85bd7c13db03fad0e71d1d6fb4c2010e475b6718108236"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "arbitrary",
@@ -729,9 +729,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-signer"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6ff69deedee7232d7ce5330259025b868c5e6a52fa8dffda2c861fb3a5889b24"
+checksum = "66a4f629da632d5279bbc5731634f0f5c9484ad9c4cad0cd974d9669dc1f46d6"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "async-trait",
@@ -744,9 +744,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-signer-local"
-version = "1.1.2"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "930e17cb1e46446a193a593a3bfff8d0ecee4e510b802575ebe300ae2e43ef75"
+checksum = "76c8950810dc43660c0f22883659c4218e090a5c75dce33fa4ca787715997b7b"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-network",
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -785,11 +785,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "alloy-sol-macro-input",
  "const-hex",
  "heck",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "proc-macro-error2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "syn-solidity",
  "tiny-keccak",
 ]
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "serde_json",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "syn-solidity",
 ]
 
@@ -836,9 +836,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "be98b07210d24acf5b793c99b759e9a696e4a2e67593aec0487ae3b3e1a2478c"
+checksum = "fe215a2f9b51d5f1aa5c8cf22c8be8cdb354934de09c9a4e37aefb79b77552fd"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "auto_impl",
@@ -859,9 +859,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport-http"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4198a1ee82e562cab85e7f3d5921aab725d9bd154b6ad5017f82df1695877c97"
+checksum = "dc1b37b1a30d23deb3a8746e882c70b384c574d355bc2bbea9ea918b0c31366e"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-transport",
@@ -874,9 +874,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport-ipc"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8db249779ebc20dc265920c7e706ed0d31dbde8627818d1cbde60919b875bb0"
+checksum = "52c81a4deeaa0d4b022095db17b286188d731e29ea141d4ec765e166732972e4"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-pubsub",
@@ -894,9 +894,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport-ws"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5ad2344a12398d7105e3722c9b7a7044ea837128e11d453604dec6e3731a86e2"
+checksum = "4e9d6f5f304e8943afede2680e5fc7008780d4fc49387eafd53192ad95e20091"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-pubsub",
  "alloy-transport",
@@ -932,14 +932,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-tx-macros"
-version = "1.1.3"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "333544408503f42d7d3792bfc0f7218b643d968a03d2c0ed383ae558fb4a76d0"
+checksum = "7ccf423f6de62e8ce1d6c7a11fb7508ae3536d02e0d68aaeb05c8669337d0937"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.21.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "62945a2f7e6de02a31fe400aa489f0e0f5b2502e69f95f853adb82a96c7a6b60"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ checksum = "213888f660fddcca0d257e88e54ac05bca01885f258ccdf695bafd77031bb69d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1365,9 +1365,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "async-compression"
-version = "0.4.34"
+version = "0.4.33"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0e86f6d3dc9dc4352edeea6b8e499e13e3f5dc3b964d7ca5fd411415a3498473"
+checksum = "93c1f86859c1af3d514fa19e8323147ff10ea98684e6c7b307912509f50e67b2"
 dependencies = [
  "compression-codecs",
  "compression-core",
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ checksum = "c7c24de15d275a1ecfd47a380fb4d5ec9bfe0933f309ed5e705b775596a3574d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ checksum = "9035ad2d096bed7955a320ee7e2230574d28fd3c3a0f186cbea1ff3c7eed5dbb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ checksum = "ffdcb70bdbc4d478427380519163274ac86e52916e10f0a8889adf0f96d3fee7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1558,6 +1558,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "reth-rpc-convert",
  "reth-rpc-eth-api",
  "reth-testing-utils",
+ "revm",
+ "revm-database",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-tungstenite 0.28.0",
  "tracing",
@@ -1594,11 +1596,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
  "alloy-sol-macro",
  "alloy-sol-types",
+ "arc-swap",
  "base-flashtypes",
  "base-reth-flashblocks",
  "base-reth-test-utils",
  "eyre",
  "futures-util",
+ "hex-literal",
  "httpmock",
  "jsonrpsee",
  "jsonrpsee-types",
@@ -1624,6 +1628,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "reth-testing-utils",
  "reth-tracing",
  "reth-transaction-pool",
+ "reth-trie-common",
+ "revm-database",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "tips-core",
@@ -1797,7 +1803,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "rustc-hash",
  "shlex",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1815,7 +1821,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "rustc-hash",
  "shlex",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1835,15 +1841,15 @@ checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitcoin-io"
-version = "0.1.4"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2dee39a0ee5b4095224a0cfc6bf4cc1baf0f9624b96b367e53b66d974e51d953"
+checksum = "0b47c4ab7a93edb0c7198c5535ed9b52b63095f4e9b45279c6736cec4b856baf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitcoin_hashes"
-version = "0.14.1"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "26ec84b80c482df901772e931a9a681e26a1b9ee2302edeff23cb30328745c8b"
+checksum = "bb18c03d0db0247e147a21a6faafd5a7eb851c743db062de72018b6b7e8e4d16"
 dependencies = [
  "bitcoin-io",
  "hex-conservative",
@@ -1917,7 +1923,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "boa_interner",
  "boa_macros",
  "boa_string",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "num-bigint",
  "rustc-hash",
 ]
@@ -1947,9 +1953,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-concurrency",
  "futures-lite",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.0",
  "icu_normalizer",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "intrusive-collections",
  "itertools 0.14.0",
  "num-bigint",
@@ -1982,7 +1988,7 @@ checksum = "f1179f690cbfcbe5364cceee5f1cb577265bb6f07b0be6f210aabe270adcf9da"
 dependencies = [
  "boa_macros",
  "boa_string",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.0",
  "thin-vec",
 ]
 
@@ -1994,8 +2000,8 @@ checksum = "9626505d33dc63d349662437297df1d3afd9d5fc4a2b3ad34e5e1ce879a78848"
 dependencies = [
  "boa_gc",
  "boa_macros",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.0",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "once_cell",
  "phf",
  "rustc-hash",
@@ -2012,7 +2018,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cow-utils",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -2050,9 +2056,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.5.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d1da5ab77c1437701eeff7c88d968729e7766172279eab0676857b3d63af7a6f"
+checksum = "ad8646f98db542e39fc66e68a20b2144f6a732636df7c2354e74645faaa433ce"
 dependencies = [
  "borsh-derive",
  "cfg_aliases",
@@ -2060,22 +2066,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh-derive"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.5.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0686c856aa6aac0c4498f936d7d6a02df690f614c03e4d906d1018062b5c5e2c"
+checksum = "fdd1d3c0c2f5833f22386f252fe8ed005c7f59fdcddeef025c01b4c3b9fd9ac3"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro-crate",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "boyer-moore-magiclen"
-version = "0.2.22"
+version = "0.2.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7441b4796eb8a7107d4cd99d829810be75f5573e1081c37faa0e8094169ea0d6"
+checksum = "95e6233f2d926b5b123caf9d58e3885885255567fbe7776a7fdcae2a4d7241c4"
 dependencies = [
  "debug-helper",
 ]
@@ -2146,7 +2152,7 @@ checksum = "f9abbd1bc6865053c427f7198e6af43bfdedc55ab791faed4fbd361d789575ff"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2377,7 +2383,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2480,9 +2486,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "compression-codecs"
-version = "0.4.33"
+version = "0.4.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "302266479cb963552d11bd042013a58ef1adc56768016c8b82b4199488f2d4ad"
+checksum = "680dc087785c5230f8e8843e2e57ac7c1c90488b6a91b88caa265410568f441b"
 dependencies = [
  "brotli",
  "compression-core",
@@ -2494,9 +2500,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "compression-core"
-version = "0.4.31"
+version = "0.4.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75984efb6ed102a0d42db99afb6c1948f0380d1d91808d5529916e6c08b49d8d"
+checksum = "3a9b614a5787ef0c8802a55766480563cb3a93b435898c422ed2a359cf811582"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "concat-kdf"
@@ -2631,9 +2637,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crc"
-version = "3.4.0"
+version = "3.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5eb8a2a1cd12ab0d987a5d5e825195d372001a4094a0376319d5a0ad71c1ba0d"
+checksum = "9710d3b3739c2e349eb44fe848ad0b7c8cb1e42bd87ee49371df2f7acaf3e675"
 dependencies = [
  "crc-catalog",
 ]
@@ -2832,7 +2838,7 @@ checksum = "f46882e17999c6cc590af592290432be3bce0428cb0d5f8b6715e4dc7b383eb3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2866,7 +2872,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "strsim",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2881,7 +2887,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "serde",
  "strsim",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2892,7 +2898,7 @@ checksum = "fc34b93ccb385b40dc71c6fceac4b2ad23662c7eeb248cf10d529b7e055b6ead"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core 0.20.11",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2903,7 +2909,7 @@ checksum = "d38308df82d1080de0afee5d069fa14b0326a88c14f15c5ccda35b4a6c414c81"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core 0.21.3",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2956,7 +2962,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8d162beedaa69905488a8da94f5ac3edb4dd4788b732fadb7bd120b2625c1976"
 dependencies = [
  "data-encoding",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3015,7 +3021,7 @@ checksum = "ef941ded77d15ca19b40374869ac6000af1c9f2a4c0f3d4c70926287e6364a8f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3026,7 +3032,7 @@ checksum = "1e567bd82dcff979e4b03460c307b3cdc9e96fde3d73bed1496d2bc75d9dd62a"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3047,7 +3053,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.11",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3057,29 +3063,29 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab63b0e2bf4d5928aff72e83a7dace85d7bba5fe12dcc3c5a572d78caffd3f3c"
 dependencies = [
  "derive_builder_core",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "10b768e943bed7bf2cab53df09f4bc34bfd217cdb57d971e769874c9a6710618"
+checksum = "d751e9e49156b02b44f9c1815bcb94b984cdcc4396ecc32521c739452808b134"
 dependencies = [
  "derive_more-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more-impl"
-version = "2.1.0"
+version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6d286bfdaf75e988b4a78e013ecd79c581e06399ab53fbacd2d916c2f904f30b"
+checksum = "799a97264921d8623a957f6c3b9011f3b5492f557bbb7a5a19b7fa6d06ba8dcb"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustc_version 0.4.1",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "unicode-xid",
 ]
 
@@ -3199,7 +3205,7 @@ checksum = "97369cbbc041bc366949bc74d34658d6cda5621039731c6310521892a3a20ae0"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3246,7 +3252,7 @@ checksum = "1ec431cd708430d5029356535259c5d645d60edd3d39c54e5eea9782d46caa7d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3298,7 +3304,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "enum-ordinalize",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3359,7 +3365,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3379,7 +3385,7 @@ checksum = "8ca9601fb2d62598ee17836250842873a413586e5d7ed88b356e38ddbb0ec631"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3399,7 +3405,7 @@ checksum = "44f23cf4b44bfce11a86ace86f8a73ffdec849c9fd00a386a53d278bd9e81fb3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3475,7 +3481,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.11",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3773,7 +3779,7 @@ checksum = "162ee34ebcb7c64a8abebc059ce0fee27c2262618d7b60ed8faf72fef13c3650"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3982,7 +3988,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-sink",
  "http",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "slab",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -4040,15 +4046,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.16.1"
+version = "0.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
+checksum = "5419bdc4f6a9207fbeba6d11b604d481addf78ecd10c11ad51e76c2f6482748d"
 dependencies = [
  "allocator-api2",
  "equivalent",
  "foldhash 0.2.0",
  "serde",
- "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4114,13 +4119,19 @@ checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hex-conservative"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fda06d18ac606267c40c04e41b9947729bf8b9efe74bd4e82b61a5f26a510b9f"
+checksum = "5313b072ce3c597065a808dbf612c4c8e8590bdbf8b579508bf7a762c5eae6cd"
 dependencies = [
  "arrayvec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hex-literal"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6fe2267d4ed49bc07b63801559be28c718ea06c4738b7a03c94df7386d2cde46"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hickory-proto"
 version = "0.25.2"
@@ -4189,11 +4200,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e3ba2a386d7f85a81f119ad7498ebe444d2e22c2af0b86b069416ace48b3311a"
+checksum = "f4a85d31aea989eead29a3aaf9e1115a180df8282431156e533de47660892565"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
+ "fnv",
  "itoa",
 ]
 
@@ -4367,9 +4379,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper-util"
-version = "0.1.19"
+version = "0.1.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "727805d60e7938b76b826a6ef209eb70eaa1812794f9424d4a4e2d740662df5f"
+checksum = "52e9a2a24dc5c6821e71a7030e1e14b7b632acac55c40e9d2e082c621261bb56"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.22.1",
  "bytes",
@@ -4556,7 +4568,7 @@ checksum = "a0eb5a3343abf848c0984fe4604b2b105da9539376e24fc0a3b0007411ae4fd9"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4597,13 +4609,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.12.1"
+version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0ad4bb2b565bca0645f4d68c5c9af97fba094e9791da685bf83cb5f3ce74acf2"
+checksum = "6717a8d2a5a929a1a2eb43a12812498ed141a0bcfb7e8f7844fbdbe4303bba9f"
 dependencies = [
  "arbitrary",
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.0",
  "serde",
  "serde_core",
 ]
@@ -4649,15 +4661,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "instability"
-version = "0.3.10"
+version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6778b0196eefee7df739db78758e5cf9b37412268bfa5650bfeed028aed20d9c"
+checksum = "435d80800b936787d62688c927b6490e887c7ef5ff9ce922c6c6050fca75eb9a"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.11",
  "indoc",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4796,9 +4808,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.83"
+version = "0.3.82"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "464a3709c7f55f1f721e5389aa6ea4e3bc6aba669353300af094b29ffbdde1d8"
+checksum = "b011eec8cc36da2aab2d5cff675ec18454fad408585853910a202391cf9f8e65"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -4908,7 +4920,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5053,9 +5065,9 @@ checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.178"
+version = "0.2.177"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "37c93d8daa9d8a012fd8ab92f088405fb202ea0b6ab73ee2482ae66af4f42091"
+checksum = "2874a2af47a2325c2001a6e6fad9b16a53b802102b528163885171cf92b15976"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libgit2-sys"
@@ -5190,9 +5202,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.29"
+version = "0.4.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+checksum = "34080505efa8e45a4b816c349525ebe327ceaa8559756f0356cba97ef3bf7432"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "loom"
@@ -5231,7 +5243,7 @@ version = "0.16.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "96051b46fc183dc9cd4a223960ef37b9af631b55191852a8274bfef064cda20f"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5282,7 +5294,7 @@ checksum = "1b27834086c65ec3f9387b096d66e99f221cf081c2b738042aa252bcd41204e3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5348,7 +5360,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "regex",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5358,7 +5370,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dd7399781913e5393588a8d8c6a2867bf85fb38eaf2502fdce465aad2dc6f034"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.22.1",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "metrics",
  "metrics-util",
  "quanta",
@@ -5446,9 +5458,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a69bcab0ad47271a0234d9422b131806bf3968021e5dc9328caf2d4cd58557fc"
+checksum = "69d83b0086dc8ecf3ce9ae2874b2d1290252e2a30720bea58a5c6639b0092873"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
@@ -5721,7 +5733,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5772,9 +5784,9 @@ checksum = "d6790f58c7ff633d8771f42965289203411a5e5c68388703c06e14f24770b41e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-consensus"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "726da827358a547be9f1e37c2a756b9e3729cb0350f43408164794b370cad8ae"
+checksum = "e82f4f768ba39e52a4efe1b8f3425c04ab0d0e6f90c003fe97e5444cd963405e"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -5798,9 +5810,9 @@ checksum = "a79f352fc3893dcd670172e615afef993a41798a1d3fc0db88a3e60ef2e70ecc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-network"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f63f27e65be273ec8fcb0b6af0fd850b550979465ab93423705ceb3dfddbd2ab"
+checksum = "f2607d0d985f848f98fa79068d11c612f8476dba7deb7498881794bf51b3cfb5"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-network",
@@ -5814,9 +5826,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-rpc-jsonrpsee"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ef9114426b16172254555aad34a8ea96c01895e40da92f5d12ea680a1baeaa7"
+checksum = "6911db73a4bf59bf8a963dec153ada1057fa426fdc35e0b35fe82657af3501a3"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "jsonrpsee",
@@ -5824,9 +5836,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-rpc-types"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "562dd4462562c41f9fdc4d860858c40e14a25df7f983ae82047f15f08fce4d19"
+checksum = "890b51c3a619c263d52ee5a945dce173a4052d017f93bf5698613b21cbe0d237"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -5843,9 +5855,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-rpc-types-engine"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8f24b8cb66e4b33e6c9e508bf46b8ecafc92eadd0b93fedd306c0accb477657"
+checksum = "c92f9dd709b3a769b7604d4d2257846b6de3d3f60e5163982cc4e90c0d0b6f95"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -5902,7 +5914,7 @@ checksum = "a948666b637a0f465e8564c73e89d4dde00d72d4d473cc972f390fc3dcee7d9c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6058,7 +6070,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6133,9 +6145,9 @@ checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pest"
-version = "2.8.4"
+version = "2.8.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cbcfd20a6d4eeba40179f05735784ad32bdaef05ce8e8af05f180d45bb3e7e22"
+checksum = "989e7521a040efde50c3ab6bbadafbe15ab6dc042686926be59ac35d74607df4"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
  "ucd-trie",
@@ -6182,7 +6194,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "phf_shared",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6211,7 +6223,7 @@ checksum = "6e918e4ff8c4549eb882f14b3a4bc8c8bc93de829416eacf579f1207a8fbf861"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6379,7 +6391,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error-attr2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6474,7 +6486,7 @@ checksum = "4ee1c9ac207483d5e7db4940700de86a9aae46ef90c48b57f99fe7edb8345e49"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6485,7 +6497,7 @@ checksum = "095a99f75c69734802359b682be8daaf8980296731f6470434ea2c652af1dd30"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6508,7 +6520,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.14.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6812,7 +6824,7 @@ checksum = "b7186006dcb21920990093f30e3dea63b7d6e977bf1256be20c3563a5db070da"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6850,7 +6862,7 @@ version = "0.10.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2057b2325e68a893284d1538021ab90279adac1139957ca2a74426c6f118fb48"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.0",
  "memchr",
 ]
 
@@ -7177,7 +7189,7 @@ source = "git+https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth?tag=v1.9.3#27a8c0f5a6dfb27dea8
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10333,7 +10345,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "relative-path",
  "rustc_version 0.4.1",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
@@ -10481,9 +10493,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-pki-types"
-version = "1.13.1"
+version = "1.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "708c0f9d5f54ba0272468c1d306a52c495b31fa155e91bc25371e6df7996908c"
+checksum = "94182ad936a0c91c324cd46c6511b9510ed16af436d7b5bab34beab0afd55f7a"
 dependencies = [
  "web-time",
  "zeroize",
@@ -10796,7 +10808,7 @@ checksum = "d540f220d3187173da220f885ab66608367b6574e925011a9353e4badda91d79"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10805,7 +10817,7 @@ version = "1.0.145"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "402a6f66d8c709116cf22f558eab210f5a50187f702eb4d7e5ef38d9a7f1c79c"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
  "ryu",
@@ -10846,15 +10858,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
-version = "3.16.1"
+version = "3.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4fa237f2807440d238e0364a218270b98f767a00d3dada77b1c53ae88940e2e7"
+checksum = "10574371d41b0d9b2cff89418eda27da52bcaff2cc8741db26382a77c29131f1"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.22.1",
  "chrono",
  "hex",
  "indexmap 1.9.3",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "schemars 0.9.0",
  "schemars 1.1.0",
  "serde_core",
@@ -10865,14 +10877,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with_macros"
-version = "3.16.1"
+version = "3.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "52a8e3ca0ca629121f70ab50f95249e5a6f925cc0f6ffe8256c45b728875706c"
+checksum = "08a72d8216842fdd57820dc78d840bef99248e35fb2554ff923319e60f2d686b"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.21.3",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10974,9 +10986,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook-registry"
-version = "1.4.7"
+version = "1.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7664a098b8e616bdfcc2dc0e9ac44eb231eedf41db4e9fe95d8d32ec728dedad"
+checksum = "b2a4719bff48cee6b39d12c020eeb490953ad2443b7055bd0b21fca26bd8c28b"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -11177,7 +11189,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11189,7 +11201,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11211,9 +11223,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.111"
+version = "2.0.110"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "390cc9a294ab71bdb1aa2e99d13be9c753cd2d7bd6560c77118597410c4d2e87"
+checksum = "a99801b5bd34ede4cf3fc688c5919368fea4e4814a4664359503e6015b280aea"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -11229,7 +11241,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "paste",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11249,7 +11261,7 @@ checksum = "728a70f3dbaf5bab7f0c4b1ac8d7ae5ea60a4b5549c8a5914361c99147a709d2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11359,7 +11371,7 @@ checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11370,7 +11382,7 @@ checksum = "3ff15c8ecd7de3849db632e14d18d2571fa09dfc5ed93479bc4485c7a517c913"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11504,12 +11516,11 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 [[package]]
 name = "tips-core"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/base/tips?rev=b1dfde6a5c8f603f19f9309ca6dc015bad260b44#b1dfde6a5c8f603f19f9309ca6dc015bad260b44"
+source = "git+https://github.com/base/tips?rev=c08eaa4fe10c26de8911609b41ddab4918698325#c08eaa4fe10c26de8911609b41ddab4918698325"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-provider",
- "alloy-rpc-types",
  "alloy-serde",
  "op-alloy-consensus",
  "op-alloy-flz",
@@ -11544,7 +11555,7 @@ checksum = "af407857209536a95c8e56f8231ef2c2e2aff839b22e07a1ffcbc617e9db9fa5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -11659,7 +11670,7 @@ version = "0.22.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "41fe8c660ae4257887cf66394862d21dbca4a6ddd26f04a3560410406a2f819a"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "serde",
  "serde_spanned",
  "toml_datetime 0.6.11",
@@ -11673,7 +11684,7 @@ version = "0.23.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6485ef6d0d9b5d0ec17244ff7eb05310113c3f316f2d14200d4de56b3cb98f8d"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "toml_datetime 0.7.3",
  "toml_parser",
  "winnow",
@@ -11740,7 +11751,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-util",
  "hdrhistogram",
- "indexmap 2.12.1",
+ "indexmap 2.12.0",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "slab",
  "sync_wrapper",
@@ -11753,9 +11764,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower-http"
-version = "0.6.7"
+version = "0.6.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9cf146f99d442e8e68e585f5d798ccd3cad9a7835b917e09728880a862706456"
+checksum = "adc82fd73de2a9722ac5da747f12383d2bfdb93591ee6c58486e0097890f05f2"
 dependencies = [
  "async-compression",
  "base64 0.22.1",
@@ -11796,9 +11807,9 @@ checksum = "8df9b6e13f2d32c91b9bd719c00d1958837bc7dec474d94952798cc8e69eeec3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.43"
+version = "0.1.44"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d15d90a0b5c19378952d479dc858407149d7bb45a14de0142f6c534b16fc647"
+checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
@@ -11808,12 +11819,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-appender"
-version = "0.2.4"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "786d480bce6247ab75f005b14ae1624ad978d3029d9113f0a22fa1ac773faeaf"
+checksum = "3566e8ce28cc0a3fe42519fc80e6b4c943cc4c8cef275620eb8dac2d3d4e06cf"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-channel",
- "thiserror 2.0.17",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "time",
  "tracing-subscriber 0.3.22",
 ]
@@ -11826,14 +11837,14 @@ checksum = "7490cfa5ec963746568740651ac6781f701c9c5ea257c58e057f3ba8cf69e8da"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.35"
+version = "0.1.36"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7a04e24fab5c89c6a36eb8558c9656f30d81de51dfa4d3b45f26b21d61fa0a6c"
+checksum = "db97caf9d906fbde555dd62fa95ddba9eecfd14cb388e4f491a66d74cd5fb79a"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "valuable",
@@ -11851,9 +11862,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-journald"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2d3a81ed245bfb62592b1e2bc153e77656d94ee6a0497683a65a12ccaf2438d0"
+checksum = "fc0b4143302cf1022dac868d521e36e8b27691f72c84b3311750d5188ebba657"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "tracing-core",
@@ -11964,7 +11975,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling 0.20.11",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -12174,13 +12185,13 @@ checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.19.0"
+version = "1.18.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e2e054861b4bd027cd373e18e8d8d8e6548085000e41290d95ce0c373a654b4a"
+checksum = "2f87b8aa10b915a06587d0dec516c282ff295b475d94abf425d62b57710070a2"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "js-sys",
- "serde_core",
+ "serde",
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
@@ -12251,7 +12262,7 @@ checksum = "d674d135b4a8c1d7e813e2f8d1c9a58308aee4a680323066025e53132218bd91"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -12299,9 +12310,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.106"
+version = "0.2.105"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0d759f433fa64a2d763d1340820e46e111a7a5ab75f993d1852d70b03dbb80fd"
+checksum = "da95793dfc411fbbd93f5be7715b0578ec61fe87cb1a42b12eb625caa5c5ea60"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "once_cell",
@@ -12312,9 +12323,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
-version = "0.4.56"
+version = "0.4.55"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "836d9622d604feee9e5de25ac10e3ea5f2d65b41eac0d9ce72eb5deae707ce7c"
+checksum = "551f88106c6d5e7ccc7cd9a16f312dd3b5d36ea8b4954304657d5dfba115d4a0"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "js-sys",
@@ -12325,9 +12336,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.106"
+version = "0.2.105"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48cb0d2638f8baedbc542ed444afc0644a29166f1595371af4fecf8ce1e7eeb3"
+checksum = "04264334509e04a7bf8690f2384ef5265f05143a4bff3889ab7a3269adab59c2"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -12335,22 +12346,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.106"
+version = "0.2.105"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cefb59d5cd5f92d9dcf80e4683949f15ca4b511f4ac0a6e14d4e1ac60c6ecd40"
+checksum = "420bc339d9f322e562942d52e115d57e950d12d88983a14c79b86859ee6c7ebc"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.106"
+version = "0.2.105"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cbc538057e648b67f72a982e708d485b2efa771e1ac05fec311f9f63e5800db4"
+checksum = "76f218a38c84bcb33c25ec7059b07847d465ce0e0a76b995e134a45adcb6af76"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -12384,9 +12395,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
-version = "0.3.83"
+version = "0.3.82"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b32828d774c412041098d182a8b38b16ea816958e07cf40eec2bc080ae137ac"
+checksum = "3a1f95c0d03a47f4ae1f7a64643a6bb97465d9b740f0fa8f90ea33915c99a9a1"
 dependencies = [
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -12596,7 +12607,7 @@ checksum = "9107ddc059d5b6fbfbffdfa7a7fe3e22a226def0b2608f72e9d552763d3e1ad7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -12607,7 +12618,7 @@ checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -12618,7 +12629,7 @@ checksum = "29bee4b38ea3cde66011baa44dba677c432a78593e202392d1e9070cf2a7fca7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -12629,7 +12640,7 @@ checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -13026,9 +13037,9 @@ checksum = "d6bbff5f0aada427a1e5a6da5f1f98158182f26556f345ac9e04d36d0ebed650"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "0.7.14"
+version = "0.7.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5a5364e9d77fcdeeaa6062ced926ee3381faa2ee02d3eb83a5c27a8825540829"
+checksum = "21a0236b59786fed61e2a80582dd500fe61f18b5dca67a4a067d0bc9039339cf"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -13130,28 +13141,28 @@ checksum = "b659052874eb698efe5b9e8cf382204678a0086ebf46982b79d6ca3182927e5d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.31"
+version = "0.8.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd74ec98b9250adb3ca554bdde269adf631549f51d8a8f8f0a10b50f1cb298c3"
+checksum = "0894878a5fa3edfd6da3f88c4805f4c8558e2b996227a3d864f47fe11e38282c"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.31"
+version = "0.8.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8a8d209fdf45cf5138cbb5a506f6b52522a25afccc534d1475dad8e31105c6a"
+checksum = "88d2b8d9c68ad2b9e4340d7832716a4d21a22a1154777ad56ea55c51a9cf3831"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -13171,7 +13182,7 @@ checksum = "d71e5d6e06ab090c67b5e44993ec16b72dcbaabc526db883a360057678b48502"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -13192,7 +13203,7 @@ checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -13226,7 +13237,7 @@ checksum = "eadce39539ca5cb3985590102671f2567e659fca9666581ad3411d59207951f3"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.111",
+ "syn 2.0.110",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 6a860dca..17a30a48 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ base-reth-test-utils = { path = "crates/test-utils" }
 base-reth-flashblocks = { path = "crates/flashblocks" }
 
 # base/tips
-tips-core = { git = "https://github.com/base/tips", rev = "b1dfde6a5c8f603f19f9309ca6dc015bad260b44" }
+# Note: default-features = false avoids version conflicts with reth's alloy/op-alloy dependencies
+tips-core = { git = "https://github.com/base/tips", rev = "c08eaa4fe10c26de8911609b41ddab4918698325", default-features = false }
 
 # reth
 reth = { git = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth", tag = "v1.9.3" }
@@ -91,10 +92,12 @@ reth-optimism-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth", tag =
 reth-db = { git = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth", tag = "v1.9.3", features = [
     "op",
 ] }
+reth-trie-common = { git = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth", tag = "v1.9.3" }
 
 # revm
 revm = { version = "31.0.2", default-features = false }
 revm-bytecode = { version = "7.1.1", default-features = false }
+revm-database = { version = "9.0.6", default-features = false }
 
 # alloy
 alloy-trie = "0.9.1"
diff --git a/crates/flashblocks/Cargo.toml b/crates/flashblocks/Cargo.toml
index b649312b..c8b66356 100644
--- a/crates/flashblocks/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/flashblocks/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ reth-optimism-evm.workspace = true
 reth-optimism-chainspec.workspace = true
 reth-optimism-primitives.workspace = true
 
+# revm
+revm-database.workspace = true
+
 # alloy
 alloy-eips.workspace = true
 alloy-provider.workspace = true
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ metrics-derive.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rand.workspace = true
+revm.workspace = true
 reth-db.workspace = true
 once_cell.workspace = true
 reth-provider.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/flashblocks/src/metrics.rs b/crates/flashblocks/src/metrics.rs
index 3cdaf96f..3c2824ec 100644
--- a/crates/flashblocks/src/metrics.rs
+++ b/crates/flashblocks/src/metrics.rs
@@ -56,4 +56,12 @@ pub struct Metrics {
     /// Total number of WebSocket reconnection attempts.
     #[metric(describe = "Total number of WebSocket reconnection attempts")]
     pub reconnect_attempts: Counter,
+
+    /// Time taken to clone bundle state.
+    #[metric(describe = "Time taken to clone bundle state")]
+    pub bundle_state_clone_duration: Histogram,
+
+    /// Size of bundle state being cloned (number of accounts).
+    #[metric(describe = "Size of bundle state being cloned (number of accounts)")]
+    pub bundle_state_clone_size: Histogram,
 }
diff --git a/crates/flashblocks/src/pending_blocks.rs b/crates/flashblocks/src/pending_blocks.rs
index eaf31ed5..e5b84ad9 100644
--- a/crates/flashblocks/src/pending_blocks.rs
+++ b/crates/flashblocks/src/pending_blocks.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{sync::Arc, time::Instant};
 
 use alloy_consensus::{Header, Sealed};
 use alloy_eips::BlockNumberOrTag;
@@ -14,11 +14,14 @@ use base_flashtypes::Flashblock;
 use eyre::eyre;
 use op_alloy_network::Optimism;
 use op_alloy_rpc_types::{OpTransactionReceipt, Transaction};
-use reth::revm::{db::Cache, state::EvmState};
+use reth::revm::{
+    db::{BundleState, Cache},
+    state::EvmState,
+};
 use reth_rpc_convert::RpcTransaction;
 use reth_rpc_eth_api::{RpcBlock, RpcReceipt};
 
-use crate::PendingBlocksAPI;
+use crate::{Metrics, PendingBlocksAPI};
 
 /// Builder for [`PendingBlocks`].
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ pub struct PendingBlocksBuilder {
     state_overrides: Option<StateOverride>,
 
     db_cache: Cache,
+    bundle_state: BundleState,
 }
 
 impl PendingBlocksBuilder {
@@ -52,6 +56,7 @@ impl PendingBlocksBuilder {
             transaction_senders: HashMap::new(),
             state_overrides: None,
             db_cache: Cache::default(),
+            bundle_state: BundleState::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -122,6 +127,12 @@ impl PendingBlocksBuilder {
         self
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn with_bundle_state(&mut self, bundle_state: BundleState) -> &Self {
+        self.bundle_state = bundle_state;
+        self
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn build(self) -> eyre::Result<PendingBlocks> {
         if self.headers.is_empty() {
             return Err(eyre!("missing headers"));
@@ -143,6 +154,7 @@ impl PendingBlocksBuilder {
             transaction_senders: self.transaction_senders,
             state_overrides: self.state_overrides,
             db_cache: self.db_cache,
+            bundle_state: self.bundle_state,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -163,6 +175,7 @@ pub struct PendingBlocks {
     state_overrides: Option<StateOverride>,
 
     db_cache: Cache,
+    bundle_state: BundleState,
 }
 
 impl PendingBlocks {
@@ -211,6 +224,22 @@ impl PendingBlocks {
         self.db_cache.clone()
     }
 
+    /// Returns a clone of the bundle state.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: This clones the entire BundleState, which contains a HashMap of all touched
+    /// accounts and their storage slots. The cost scales with the number of accounts and
+    /// storage slots modified in the flashblock. Monitor `bundle_state_clone_duration` and
+    /// `bundle_state_clone_size` metrics to track if this becomes a bottleneck.
+    pub fn get_bundle_state(&self) -> BundleState {
+        let metrics = Metrics::default();
+        let size = self.bundle_state.state.len();
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let cloned = self.bundle_state.clone();
+        metrics.bundle_state_clone_duration.record(start.elapsed());
+        metrics.bundle_state_clone_size.record(size as f64);
+        cloned
+    }
+
     /// Returns all transactions for a specific block number.
     pub fn get_transactions_for_block(&self, block_number: BlockNumber) -> Vec<Transaction> {
         self.transactions
diff --git a/crates/flashblocks/src/processor.rs b/crates/flashblocks/src/processor.rs
index 2db3bf0b..1701c573 100644
--- a/crates/flashblocks/src/processor.rs
+++ b/crates/flashblocks/src/processor.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ use reth_optimism_primitives::{DepositReceipt, OpBlock, OpPrimitives};
 use reth_optimism_rpc::OpReceiptBuilder;
 use reth_primitives::RecoveredBlock;
 use reth_rpc_convert::transaction::ConvertReceiptInput;
+use revm_database::states::bundle_state::BundleRetention;
 use tokio::sync::{Mutex, broadcast::Sender, mpsc::UnboundedReceiver};
 use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
 
@@ -293,12 +294,26 @@ where
         let state_provider =
             self.client.state_by_block_number_or_tag(BlockNumberOrTag::Number(canonical_block))?;
         let state_provider_db = StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider);
-        let state = State::builder().with_database(state_provider_db).with_bundle_update().build();
         let mut pending_blocks_builder = PendingBlocksBuilder::new();
 
+        // Cache reads across flashblocks, accumulating caches from previous
+        // pending blocks if available
+        let cache_db = match &prev_pending_blocks {
+            Some(pending_blocks) => {
+                CacheDB { cache: pending_blocks.get_db_cache(), db: state_provider_db }
+            }
+            None => CacheDB::new(state_provider_db),
+        };
+
+        // Track state changes across flashblocks, accumulating bundle state
+        // from previous pending blocks if available
         let mut db = match &prev_pending_blocks {
-            Some(pending_blocks) => CacheDB { cache: pending_blocks.get_db_cache(), db: state },
-            None => CacheDB::new(state),
+            Some(pending_blocks) => State::builder()
+                .with_database(cache_db)
+                .with_bundle_update()
+                .with_bundle_prestate(pending_blocks.get_bundle_state())
+                .build(),
+            None => State::builder().with_database(cache_db).with_bundle_update().build(),
         };
 
         let mut state_overrides =
@@ -537,7 +552,9 @@ where
             last_block_header = block.header.clone();
         }
 
-        pending_blocks_builder.with_db_cache(db.cache);
+        db.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
+        pending_blocks_builder.with_bundle_state(db.take_bundle());
+        pending_blocks_builder.with_db_cache(db.database.cache);
         pending_blocks_builder.with_state_overrides(state_overrides);
         Ok(Some(Arc::new(pending_blocks_builder.build()?)))
     }
diff --git a/crates/flashblocks/tests/layering.rs b/crates/flashblocks/tests/layering.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..049198d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/flashblocks/tests/layering.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// Database Layering Tests
+//
+// These tests verify that the three-layer state architecture is correct:
+//   1. StateProviderDatabase (canonical block base state)
+//   2. CacheDB (applies flashblock pending read cache)
+//   3. State wrapper (applies bundle_prestate for pending writes + tracks new changes)
+//
+// The correct layering is State<CacheDB<StateProviderDatabase>>. Writes go
+// through State first (properly tracked for bundle/state root calculation),
+// and reads fall through to CacheDB (flashblock read cache) then to
+// StateProviderDatabase (canonical state).
+//
+// The WRONG layering would be CacheDB<State<...>>. CacheDB intercepts all
+// writes into its internal cache and doesn't propagate them to State, so
+// State's bundle tracking captures nothing. See the test
+// layering_cachedb_wrapping_state_loses_writes for a demonstration.
+// =============================================================================
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use alloy_consensus::crypto::secp256k1::public_key_to_address;
+use alloy_genesis::GenesisAccount;
+use alloy_primitives::{Address, B256, U256};
+use eyre::Context;
+use rand::{SeedableRng, rngs::StdRng};
+use reth::{
+    api::NodeTypesWithDBAdapter,
+    revm::db::{AccountState, BundleState, Cache, CacheDB, DbAccount, State},
+};
+use reth_db::{
+    ClientVersion, DatabaseEnv, init_db,
+    mdbx::{DatabaseArguments, KILOBYTE, MEGABYTE, MaxReadTransactionDuration},
+    test_utils::{ERROR_DB_CREATION, TempDatabase, create_test_static_files_dir, tempdir_path},
+};
+use reth_optimism_chainspec::{BASE_MAINNET, OpChainSpec, OpChainSpecBuilder};
+use reth_optimism_node::OpNode;
+use reth_primitives_traits::SealedHeader;
+use reth_provider::{
+    HeaderProvider, ProviderFactory, StateProviderFactory,
+    providers::{BlockchainProvider, StaticFileProvider},
+};
+use reth_testing_utils::generators::generate_keys;
+use revm::{Database, primitives::KECCAK_EMPTY};
+
+type NodeTypes = NodeTypesWithDBAdapter<OpNode, Arc<TempDatabase<DatabaseEnv>>>;
+
+#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash, Clone, Copy)]
+enum User {
+    Alice,
+    Bob,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct TestHarness {
+    provider: BlockchainProvider<NodeTypes>,
+    header: SealedHeader,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    chain_spec: Arc<OpChainSpec>,
+    user_to_address: std::collections::HashMap<User, Address>,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    user_to_private_key: std::collections::HashMap<User, B256>,
+}
+
+impl TestHarness {
+    fn address(&self, u: User) -> Address {
+        self.user_to_address[&u]
+    }
+}
+
+fn create_chain_spec(
+    seed: u64,
+) -> (
+    Arc<OpChainSpec>,
+    std::collections::HashMap<User, Address>,
+    std::collections::HashMap<User, B256>,
+) {
+    let keys = generate_keys(&mut StdRng::seed_from_u64(seed), 2);
+
+    let mut addresses = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+    let mut private_keys = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+
+    let alice_key = keys[0];
+    let alice_address = public_key_to_address(alice_key.public_key());
+    let alice_secret = B256::from(alice_key.secret_bytes());
+    addresses.insert(User::Alice, alice_address);
+    private_keys.insert(User::Alice, alice_secret);
+
+    let bob_key = keys[1];
+    let bob_address = public_key_to_address(bob_key.public_key());
+    let bob_secret = B256::from(bob_key.secret_bytes());
+    addresses.insert(User::Bob, bob_address);
+    private_keys.insert(User::Bob, bob_secret);
+
+    let genesis = BASE_MAINNET
+        .genesis
+        .clone()
+        .extend_accounts(vec![
+            (alice_address, GenesisAccount::default().with_balance(U256::from(1_000_000_000_u64))),
+            (bob_address, GenesisAccount::default().with_balance(U256::from(1_000_000_000_u64))),
+        ])
+        .with_gas_limit(100_000_000);
+
+    let spec =
+        Arc::new(OpChainSpecBuilder::base_mainnet().genesis(genesis).isthmus_activated().build());
+
+    (spec, addresses, private_keys)
+}
+
+fn create_provider_factory(
+    chain_spec: Arc<OpChainSpec>,
+) -> ProviderFactory<NodeTypesWithDBAdapter<OpNode, Arc<TempDatabase<DatabaseEnv>>>> {
+    let (static_dir, _) = create_test_static_files_dir();
+    let db = create_test_db();
+    ProviderFactory::new(
+        db,
+        chain_spec,
+        StaticFileProvider::read_write(static_dir.keep()).expect("static file provider"),
+    )
+}
+
+fn create_test_db() -> Arc<TempDatabase<DatabaseEnv>> {
+    let path = tempdir_path();
+    let emsg = format!("{ERROR_DB_CREATION}: {path:?}");
+
+    let db = init_db(
+        &path,
+        DatabaseArguments::new(ClientVersion::default())
+            .with_max_read_transaction_duration(Some(MaxReadTransactionDuration::Unbounded))
+            .with_geometry_max_size(Some(4 * MEGABYTE))
+            .with_growth_step(Some(4 * KILOBYTE)),
+    )
+    .expect(&emsg);
+
+    Arc::new(TempDatabase::new(db, path))
+}
+
+fn setup_harness() -> eyre::Result<TestHarness> {
+    let (chain_spec, user_to_address, user_to_private_key) = create_chain_spec(1337);
+    let factory = create_provider_factory(chain_spec.clone());
+
+    reth_db_common::init::init_genesis(&factory).context("initializing genesis state")?;
+
+    let provider = BlockchainProvider::new(factory.clone()).context("creating provider")?;
+    let header = provider
+        .sealed_header(0)
+        .context("fetching genesis header")?
+        .expect("genesis header exists");
+
+    Ok(TestHarness { provider, header, chain_spec, user_to_address, user_to_private_key })
+}
+
+/// Demonstrates that State<StateProviderDatabase> alone cannot see pending state.
+///
+/// Without CacheDB or bundle_prestate, State can only see canonical block state.
+#[test]
+fn layering_old_state_only_cannot_see_pending_state() -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    let harness = setup_harness()?;
+    let alice_address = harness.address(User::Alice);
+
+    let state_provider = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    // OLD implementation: just State wrapping StateProviderDatabase directly
+    // No CacheDB, no bundle_prestate - cannot see any pending flashblock state
+    let state_db = reth::revm::database::StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider);
+    let mut db = State::builder().with_database(state_db).with_bundle_update().build();
+
+    // Read through State - can only see canonical state (nonce 0)
+    let account = db.basic(alice_address)?.expect("account should exist");
+
+    // Old implementation sees canonical nonce (0), not any pending state
+    assert_eq!(account.nonce, 0, "Old State-only layering can only see canonical state");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Demonstrates that CacheDB<State<...>> is the WRONG layering order.
+///
+/// CacheDB is a read-through cache. When the EVM writes state changes, those
+/// writes go into CacheDB's internal cache and are NOT propagated to the
+/// underlying State. As a result, State's bundle tracking captures nothing,
+/// and take_bundle() returns an empty bundle - breaking state root calculation.
+///
+/// The correct layering is State<CacheDB<...>> where State wraps CacheDB,
+/// so all writes go through State first and are properly tracked.
+#[test]
+fn layering_cachedb_wrapping_state_loses_writes() -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    use revm::DatabaseCommit;
+
+    let harness = setup_harness()?;
+    let alice_address = harness.address(User::Alice);
+    let bob_address = harness.address(User::Bob);
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // WRONG layering: CacheDB<State<StateProviderDatabase>>
+    // =========================================================================
+    let state_provider = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    let state_db = reth::revm::database::StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider);
+    let state = State::builder().with_database(state_db).with_bundle_update().build();
+    let mut wrong_db = CacheDB::new(state);
+
+    // Simulate a write: modify Alice's account through the CacheDB
+    let mut alice_account = wrong_db.basic(alice_address)?.expect("alice should exist");
+    alice_account.nonce = 999;
+    alice_account.balance = U256::from(12345u64);
+
+    // Commit the change through CacheDB
+    let mut state_changes = revm::state::EvmState::default();
+    state_changes.insert(
+        alice_address,
+        revm::state::Account {
+            info: alice_account.clone(),
+            storage: Default::default(),
+            status: revm::state::AccountStatus::Touched,
+            transaction_id: 0,
+        },
+    );
+    wrong_db.commit(state_changes);
+
+    // The write went into CacheDB's cache - verify we can read it back
+    let alice_from_cache = wrong_db.basic(alice_address)?.expect("alice should exist");
+    assert_eq!(alice_from_cache.nonce, 999, "CacheDB should have the written nonce");
+
+    // BUT: The underlying State captured NOTHING!
+    // CacheDB doesn't propagate writes to its underlying database.
+    wrong_db.db.merge_transitions(revm_database::states::bundle_state::BundleRetention::Reverts);
+    let wrong_bundle = wrong_db.db.take_bundle();
+
+    assert!(
+        wrong_bundle.state.is_empty(),
+        "WRONG layering: State's bundle should be EMPTY because CacheDB intercepted all writes. \
+         Got {} accounts in bundle.",
+        wrong_bundle.state.len()
+    );
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // CORRECT layering: State<CacheDB<StateProviderDatabase>>
+    // =========================================================================
+    let state_provider2 = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    let state_db2 = reth::revm::database::StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider2);
+    let cache_db = CacheDB::new(state_db2);
+    let mut correct_db = State::builder().with_database(cache_db).with_bundle_update().build();
+
+    // Simulate the same write through State
+    let mut bob_account = correct_db.basic(bob_address)?.expect("bob should exist");
+    bob_account.nonce = 888;
+    bob_account.balance = U256::from(54321u64);
+
+    // Commit through State
+    let mut state_changes2 = revm::state::EvmState::default();
+    state_changes2.insert(
+        bob_address,
+        revm::state::Account {
+            info: bob_account.clone(),
+            storage: Default::default(),
+            status: revm::state::AccountStatus::Touched,
+            transaction_id: 0,
+        },
+    );
+    correct_db.commit(state_changes2);
+
+    // State properly captures the write
+    correct_db.merge_transitions(revm_database::states::bundle_state::BundleRetention::Reverts);
+    let correct_bundle = correct_db.take_bundle();
+
+    assert!(
+        !correct_bundle.state.is_empty(),
+        "CORRECT layering: State's bundle should contain the written account"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        correct_bundle.state.contains_key(&bob_address),
+        "Bundle should contain Bob's account changes"
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Verifies that CacheDB layer is required for pending balance visibility.
+///
+/// This test demonstrates that without the CacheDB layer, pending balance
+/// changes from flashblocks would not be visible to bundle execution.
+#[test]
+fn layering_cachedb_makes_pending_balance_visible() -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    let harness = setup_harness()?;
+
+    // Get the canonical balance for Alice from the state provider
+    let state_provider = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    let alice_address = harness.address(User::Alice);
+    let canonical_balance = state_provider.account_balance(&alice_address)?.unwrap_or(U256::ZERO);
+
+    // Create a cache with a modified balance (simulating a pending flashblock)
+    let pending_balance = canonical_balance + U256::from(999_999_u64);
+    let mut cache = Cache::default();
+    cache.accounts.insert(
+        alice_address,
+        DbAccount {
+            info: revm::state::AccountInfo {
+                balance: pending_balance,
+                nonce: 0,
+                code_hash: KECCAK_EMPTY,
+                code: None,
+            },
+            account_state: AccountState::Touched,
+            storage: Default::default(),
+        },
+    );
+
+    // Wrap with CacheDB to apply the pending cache
+    let state_db = reth::revm::database::StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider);
+    let mut cache_db = CacheDB { cache, db: state_db };
+
+    // Read the balance through CacheDB - should see pending value
+    let account = cache_db.basic(alice_address)?.expect("account should exist");
+    assert_eq!(
+        account.balance, pending_balance,
+        "CacheDB should return pending balance from cache"
+    );
+
+    // Verify the canonical state still has the original balance
+    let state_provider2 = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+    let canonical_balance2 = state_provider2.account_balance(&alice_address)?.unwrap_or(U256::ZERO);
+    assert_eq!(canonical_balance, canonical_balance2, "Canonical state should be unchanged");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Verifies that bundle_prestate is required for pending state changes visibility.
+///
+/// This test demonstrates that without with_bundle_prestate(), the State wrapper
+/// would start with empty state and not see pending flashblock state changes.
+#[test]
+fn layering_bundle_prestate_makes_pending_nonce_visible() -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    let harness = setup_harness()?;
+    let alice_address = harness.address(User::Alice);
+
+    let state_provider = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    // Create a BundleState with a modified nonce (simulating pending flashblock writes)
+    let pending_nonce = 42u64;
+    let bundle_state = BundleState::new(
+        [(
+            alice_address,
+            Some(revm::state::AccountInfo {
+                balance: U256::from(1_000_000_000u64),
+                nonce: 0, // original
+                code_hash: KECCAK_EMPTY,
+                code: None,
+            }),
+            Some(revm::state::AccountInfo {
+                balance: U256::from(1_000_000_000u64),
+                nonce: pending_nonce, // pending
+                code_hash: KECCAK_EMPTY,
+                code: None,
+            }),
+            Default::default(),
+        )],
+        Vec::<Vec<(Address, Option<Option<revm::state::AccountInfo>>, Vec<(U256, U256)>)>>::new(),
+        Vec::<(B256, revm::bytecode::Bytecode)>::new(),
+    );
+
+    // Create the three-layer stack WITH bundle_prestate
+    let state_db = reth::revm::database::StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider);
+    let cache_db = CacheDB::new(state_db);
+    let mut db_with_prestate = State::builder()
+        .with_database(cache_db)
+        .with_bundle_update()
+        .with_bundle_prestate(bundle_state.clone())
+        .build();
+
+    // Read through the State - should see pending nonce from bundle_prestate
+    let account = db_with_prestate.basic(alice_address)?.expect("account should exist");
+    assert_eq!(account.nonce, pending_nonce, "State with bundle_prestate should see pending nonce");
+
+    // Now create WITHOUT bundle_prestate to show the difference
+    let state_provider2 = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+    let state_db2 = reth::revm::database::StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider2);
+    let cache_db2 = CacheDB::new(state_db2);
+    let mut db_without_prestate =
+        State::builder().with_database(cache_db2).with_bundle_update().build();
+
+    // Read through State without prestate - should see canonical nonce (0)
+    let account2 = db_without_prestate.basic(alice_address)?.expect("account should exist");
+    assert_eq!(account2.nonce, 0, "State without bundle_prestate should see canonical nonce");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/flashblocks/tests/state.rs b/crates/flashblocks/tests/state.rs
index 75ef5d82..d4063c9d 100644
--- a/crates/flashblocks/tests/state.rs
+++ b/crates/flashblocks/tests/state.rs
@@ -837,6 +837,131 @@ async fn test_duplicate_flashblock_ignored() {
     assert_eq!(block, block_two);
 }
 
+/// Verifies that eth_call targeting pending block sees flashblock state changes.
+///
+/// This test catches database layering bugs where pending state from flashblocks
+/// isn't visible to RPC callers. After a flashblock transfers ETH to Bob, an
+/// eth_call simulating a transfer FROM Bob should succeed because Bob now has
+/// more funds from the flashblock.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_eth_call_sees_flashblock_state_changes() {
+    use alloy_eips::BlockNumberOrTag;
+    use alloy_provider::Provider;
+    use alloy_rpc_types_eth::TransactionInput;
+    use op_alloy_rpc_types::OpTransactionRequest;
+
+    let test = TestHarness::new().await;
+    let provider = test.node.provider();
+
+    let bob_address = test.address(User::Bob);
+    let charlie_address = test.address(User::Charlie);
+
+    // Get Bob's canonical balance to calculate a transfer amount that exceeds it
+    let canonical_balance = provider.get_balance(bob_address).await.unwrap();
+
+    // Send base flashblock
+    test.send_flashblock(FlashblockBuilder::new_base(&test).build()).await;
+
+    // Flashblock 1: Alice sends a large amount to Bob
+    let transfer_to_bob = 1_000_000_000_000_000_000u128; // 1 ETH
+    let tx =
+        test.build_transaction_to_send_eth_with_nonce(User::Alice, User::Bob, transfer_to_bob, 0);
+    test.send_flashblock(FlashblockBuilder::new(&test, 1).with_transactions(vec![tx]).build())
+        .await;
+
+    // Verify via state overrides that Bob received the funds
+    let overrides = test
+        .flashblocks
+        .get_pending_blocks()
+        .get_state_overrides()
+        .expect("state overrides should exist after flashblock execution");
+    let bob_override = overrides.get(&bob_address).expect("Bob should have a state override");
+    let bob_pending_balance = bob_override.balance.expect("Bob's balance override should be set");
+    assert_eq!(
+        bob_pending_balance,
+        canonical_balance + U256::from(transfer_to_bob),
+        "State override should show Bob's increased balance"
+    );
+
+    // Now the key test: eth_call from Bob should see this pending balance.
+    // Try to transfer more than Bob's canonical balance (but less than pending).
+    // This would fail if eth_call can't see the pending state.
+    let transfer_amount = canonical_balance + U256::from(100_000u64);
+    let call_request = OpTransactionRequest::default()
+        .from(bob_address)
+        .to(charlie_address)
+        .value(transfer_amount)
+        .gas_limit(21_000)
+        .input(TransactionInput::default());
+
+    let result = provider.call(call_request).block(BlockNumberOrTag::Pending.into()).await;
+    assert!(
+        result.is_ok(),
+        "eth_call from Bob should succeed because pending state shows increased balance. \
+         If this fails, eth_call may not be seeing flashblock state changes. Error: {:?}",
+        result.err()
+    );
+}
+
+/// Verifies that transactions in flashblock N+1 can see state changes from flashblock N.
+///
+/// This test catches database layering bugs where writes from earlier flashblocks
+/// aren't visible to later flashblock execution. The key is that flashblock 2's
+/// transaction uses nonce=1, which only succeeds if the execution layer sees
+/// flashblock 1's transaction (which used nonce=0).
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_sequential_nonces_across_flashblocks() {
+    let test = TestHarness::new().await;
+
+    // Send base flashblock
+    test.send_flashblock(FlashblockBuilder::new_base(&test).build()).await;
+
+    // Flashblock 1: Alice sends to Bob with nonce 0
+    let tx_nonce_0 = test.build_transaction_to_send_eth_with_nonce(User::Alice, User::Bob, 1000, 0);
+    test.send_flashblock(
+        FlashblockBuilder::new(&test, 1).with_transactions(vec![tx_nonce_0]).build(),
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Verify flashblock 1 was processed - Alice's pending nonce should now be 1
+    let alice_state = test.account_state(User::Alice);
+    assert_eq!(alice_state.nonce, 1, "After flashblock 1, Alice's pending nonce should be 1");
+
+    // Flashblock 2: Alice sends to Charlie with nonce 1
+    // This will FAIL if the execution layer can't see flashblock 1's state change
+    let tx_nonce_1 =
+        test.build_transaction_to_send_eth_with_nonce(User::Alice, User::Charlie, 2000, 1);
+    test.send_flashblock(
+        FlashblockBuilder::new(&test, 2).with_transactions(vec![tx_nonce_1]).build(),
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    // Verify flashblock 2 was processed - Alice's pending nonce should now be 2
+    let alice_state_after = test.account_state(User::Alice);
+    assert_eq!(
+        alice_state_after.nonce, 2,
+        "After flashblock 2, Alice's pending nonce should be 2. \
+         If this fails, the database layering may be preventing flashblock 2 \
+         from seeing flashblock 1's state changes."
+    );
+
+    // Also verify Bob and Charlie received their funds
+    let overrides = test
+        .flashblocks
+        .get_pending_blocks()
+        .get_state_overrides()
+        .expect("state overrides should exist");
+
+    assert!(
+        overrides.get(&test.address(User::Bob)).is_some(),
+        "Bob should have received funds from flashblock 1"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        overrides.get(&test.address(User::Charlie)).is_some(),
+        "Charlie should have received funds from flashblock 2"
+    );
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_progress_canonical_blocks_without_flashblocks() {
     let mut test = TestHarness::new().await;
diff --git a/crates/rpc/Cargo.toml b/crates/rpc/Cargo.toml
index 390fdf1a..8a4aa655 100644
--- a/crates/rpc/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/rpc/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ reth-optimism-chainspec.workspace = true
 reth-transaction-pool = { workspace = true, features = ["test-utils"] }
 reth-rpc.workspace = true
 reth-rpc-eth-api.workspace = true
+reth-trie-common.workspace = true
 
 # alloy
 alloy-primitives.workspace = true
@@ -43,6 +44,9 @@ op-alloy-network.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
 tokio-stream.workspace = true
 
+# revm
+revm-database.workspace = true
+
 # rpc
 jsonrpsee.workspace = true
 jsonrpsee-types.workspace = true
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ eyre.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 metrics.workspace = true
 metrics-derive.workspace = true
+arc-swap.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 base-flashtypes.workspace = true
@@ -80,6 +85,7 @@ alloy-provider.workspace = true
 alloy-sol-macro = { workspace = true, features = ["json"] }
 alloy-sol-types.workspace = true
 alloy-contract.workspace = true
+hex-literal = "0.4"
 
 [package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
 normal = ["reth-optimism-cli"]
diff --git a/crates/rpc/src/base/flashblock_trie_cache.rs b/crates/rpc/src/base/flashblock_trie_cache.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13134f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rpc/src/base/flashblock_trie_cache.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use alloy_primitives::B256;
+use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
+use eyre::Result as EyreResult;
+use reth_provider::StateProvider;
+use reth_trie_common::{HashedPostState, updates::TrieUpdates};
+
+use crate::FlashblocksState;
+
+/// Trie nodes and hashed state from computing a flashblock state root.
+///
+/// When metering bundles, we want each state root calculation to measure only
+/// the bundle's incremental I/O, not I/O from previous flashblocks. By caching
+/// the flashblock trie once and reusing it for all bundle simulations, we ensure
+/// each bundle's state root time reflects only its own I/O cost.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct FlashblockTrieData {
+    /// The trie updates from computing the state root.
+    pub trie_updates: TrieUpdates,
+    /// The hashed post state used for state root computation.
+    pub hashed_state: HashedPostState,
+}
+
+/// Internal cache entry for a single flashblock.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct CachedFlashblockTrie {
+    block_hash: B256,
+    flashblock_index: u64,
+    trie_data: FlashblockTrieData,
+}
+
+/// Thread-safe single-entry cache for the latest flashblock's trie nodes.
+///
+/// This cache stores the intermediate trie nodes computed when calculating
+/// the latest flashblock's state root. Subsequent bundle metering operations
+/// on the same flashblock can reuse these cached nodes instead of recalculating
+/// them, significantly improving performance.
+///
+/// **Important**: This cache holds only ONE flashblock's trie at a time.
+/// When a new flashblock is cached, it replaces any previously cached flashblock.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct FlashblockTrieCache {
+    cache: Arc<ArcSwap<Option<CachedFlashblockTrie>>>,
+}
+
+impl FlashblockTrieCache {
+    /// Creates a new empty flashblock trie cache.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { cache: Arc::new(ArcSwap::from_pointee(None)) }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensures the trie for the given flashblock is cached and returns it.
+    ///
+    /// If the cache already contains an entry for the provided `block_hash` and
+    /// `flashblock_index`, the cached data is returned immediately. Otherwise the trie is
+    /// recomputed, cached (replacing any previous entry), and returned.
+    pub fn ensure_cached(
+        &self,
+        block_hash: B256,
+        flashblock_index: u64,
+        flashblocks_state: &FlashblocksState,
+        canonical_state_provider: &dyn StateProvider,
+    ) -> EyreResult<FlashblockTrieData> {
+        let cached_entry = self.cache.load();
+        if let Some(cached) = cached_entry.as_ref()
+            && cached.block_hash == block_hash
+            && cached.flashblock_index == flashblock_index
+        {
+            return Ok(cached.trie_data.clone());
+        }
+
+        let hashed_state =
+            canonical_state_provider.hashed_post_state(&flashblocks_state.bundle_state);
+        let (_state_root, trie_updates) =
+            canonical_state_provider.state_root_with_updates(hashed_state.clone())?;
+
+        let trie_data = FlashblockTrieData { trie_updates, hashed_state };
+
+        // Store the new entry, replacing any previous flashblock's cached trie
+        self.cache.store(Arc::new(Some(CachedFlashblockTrie {
+            block_hash,
+            flashblock_index,
+            trie_data: trie_data.clone(),
+        })));
+
+        Ok(trie_data)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for FlashblockTrieCache {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/rpc/src/base/meter.rs b/crates/rpc/src/base/meter.rs
index 577b8ee3..33c68047 100644
--- a/crates/rpc/src/base/meter.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc/src/base/meter.rs
@@ -3,43 +3,102 @@ use std::{sync::Arc, time::Instant};
 use alloy_consensus::{BlockHeader, Transaction as _, transaction::SignerRecoverable};
 use alloy_primitives::{B256, U256};
 use eyre::{Result as EyreResult, eyre};
-use reth::revm::db::State;
+use reth::revm::db::{BundleState, Cache, CacheDB, State};
 use reth_evm::{ConfigureEvm, execute::BlockBuilder};
 use reth_optimism_chainspec::OpChainSpec;
 use reth_optimism_evm::{OpEvmConfig, OpNextBlockEnvAttributes};
 use reth_primitives_traits::SealedHeader;
+use reth_trie_common::TrieInput;
+use revm_database::states::bundle_state::BundleRetention;
 use tips_core::types::{BundleExtensions, BundleTxs, ParsedBundle};
 
-use crate::TransactionResult;
+use crate::{FlashblockTrieData, TransactionResult};
+
+/// State from pending flashblocks that is used as a base for metering
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct FlashblocksState {
+    /// The cache of account and storage data
+    pub cache: Cache,
+    /// The accumulated bundle of state changes
+    pub bundle_state: BundleState,
+}
 
 const BLOCK_TIME: u64 = 2; // 2 seconds per block
 
+/// Output from metering a bundle of transactions
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MeterBundleOutput {
+    /// Transaction results with individual metrics
+    pub results: Vec<TransactionResult>,
+    /// Total gas used by all transactions
+    pub total_gas_used: u64,
+    /// Total gas fees paid by all transactions
+    pub total_gas_fees: U256,
+    /// Bundle hash
+    pub bundle_hash: B256,
+    /// Total time in microseconds (includes transaction execution and state root calculation)
+    pub total_time_us: u128,
+    /// State root calculation time in microseconds
+    pub state_root_time_us: u128,
+}
+
 /// Simulates and meters a bundle of transactions
 ///
-/// Takes a state provider, chain spec, decoded transactions, block header, and bundle metadata,
-/// and executes transactions in sequence to measure gas usage and execution time.
+/// Takes a state provider, chain spec, parsed bundle, block header, and optional flashblocks state,
+/// then executes transactions in sequence to measure gas usage and execution time.
 ///
-/// Returns a tuple of:
-/// - Vector of transaction results
-/// - Total gas used
-/// - Total gas fees paid
-/// - Bundle hash
-/// - Total execution time in microseconds
+/// Returns [`MeterBundleOutput`] containing transaction results and aggregated metrics.
 pub fn meter_bundle<SP>(
     state_provider: SP,
     chain_spec: Arc<OpChainSpec>,
     bundle: ParsedBundle,
     header: &SealedHeader,
-) -> EyreResult<(Vec<TransactionResult>, u64, U256, B256, u128)>
+    flashblocks_state: Option<FlashblocksState>,
+    cached_flashblock_trie: Option<FlashblockTrieData>,
+) -> EyreResult<MeterBundleOutput>
 where
     SP: reth_provider::StateProvider,
 {
     // Get bundle hash
     let bundle_hash = bundle.bundle_hash();
 
+    // Get flashblock trie data before starting timers. This ensures we only measure
+    // the bundle's incremental I/O cost, not I/O from previous flashblocks.
+    let flashblock_trie_data = cached_flashblock_trie
+        .map(Ok::<_, eyre::Report>)
+        .or_else(|| {
+            flashblocks_state.as_ref().map(|fb_state| {
+                let fb_hashed_state = state_provider.hashed_post_state(&fb_state.bundle_state);
+                let (_fb_state_root, fb_trie_updates) =
+                    state_provider.state_root_with_updates(fb_hashed_state.clone())?;
+                Ok(crate::FlashblockTrieData {
+                    trie_updates: fb_trie_updates,
+                    hashed_state: fb_hashed_state,
+                })
+            })
+        })
+        .transpose()?;
+
     // Create state database
     let state_db = reth::revm::database::StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider);
-    let mut db = State::builder().with_database(state_db).with_bundle_update().build();
+
+    // Apply flashblocks read cache if available
+    let cache_db = if let Some(ref flashblocks) = flashblocks_state {
+        CacheDB { cache: flashblocks.cache.clone(), db: state_db }
+    } else {
+        CacheDB::new(state_db)
+    };
+
+    // Track bundle state changes. If metering using flashblocks state, include its bundle prestate.
+    let mut db = if let Some(flashblocks) = flashblocks_state.as_ref() {
+        State::builder()
+            .with_database(cache_db)
+            .with_bundle_update()
+            .with_bundle_prestate(flashblocks.bundle_state.clone())
+            .build()
+    } else {
+        State::builder().with_database(cache_db).with_bundle_update().build()
+    };
 
     // Set up next block attributes
     // Use bundle.min_timestamp if provided, otherwise use header timestamp + BLOCK_TIME
@@ -58,7 +117,7 @@ where
     let mut total_gas_used = 0u64;
     let mut total_gas_fees = U256::ZERO;
 
-    let execution_start = Instant::now();
+    let total_start = Instant::now();
     {
         let evm_config = OpEvmConfig::optimism(chain_spec);
         let mut builder = evm_config.builder_for_next_block(&mut db, header, attributes)?;
@@ -85,7 +144,7 @@ where
 
             results.push(TransactionResult {
                 coinbase_diff: gas_fees,
-                eth_sent_to_coinbase: U256::from(0),
+                eth_sent_to_coinbase: U256::ZERO,
                 from_address: from,
                 gas_fees,
                 gas_price: U256::from(gas_price),
@@ -97,7 +156,36 @@ where
             });
         }
     }
-    let total_execution_time = execution_start.elapsed().as_micros();
 
-    Ok((results, total_gas_used, total_gas_fees, bundle_hash, total_execution_time))
+    // Calculate state root and measure its calculation time. The bundle already includes
+    // flashblocks state if it was provided via with_bundle_prestate.
+    db.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
+    let bundle_update = db.take_bundle();
+    let state_provider = db.database.db.as_ref();
+
+    let state_root_start = Instant::now();
+    let hashed_state = state_provider.hashed_post_state(&bundle_update);
+
+    if let Some(fb_trie_data) = flashblock_trie_data {
+        // Prepend cached flashblock trie so state root calculation only performs I/O
+        // for this bundle's changes, not for previous flashblocks.
+        let mut trie_input = TrieInput::from_state(hashed_state);
+        trie_input.prepend_cached(fb_trie_data.trie_updates, fb_trie_data.hashed_state);
+        let _ = state_provider.state_root_from_nodes_with_updates(trie_input)?;
+    } else {
+        // No flashblocks, just calculate bundle state root
+        let _ = state_provider.state_root_with_updates(hashed_state)?;
+    }
+
+    let state_root_time_us = state_root_start.elapsed().as_micros();
+    let total_time_us = total_start.elapsed().as_micros();
+
+    Ok(MeterBundleOutput {
+        results,
+        total_gas_used,
+        total_gas_fees,
+        bundle_hash,
+        total_time_us,
+        state_root_time_us,
+    })
 }
diff --git a/crates/rpc/src/base/meter_rpc.rs b/crates/rpc/src/base/meter_rpc.rs
index 9a99aa32..efd7b8e6 100644
--- a/crates/rpc/src/base/meter_rpc.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc/src/base/meter_rpc.rs
@@ -1,36 +1,44 @@
-use alloy_consensus::Header;
-use alloy_eips::BlockNumberOrTag;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use alloy_consensus::{Header, Sealed};
 use alloy_primitives::U256;
+use base_reth_flashblocks::{FlashblocksAPI, PendingBlocksAPI};
 use jsonrpsee::core::{RpcResult, async_trait};
 use reth::providers::BlockReaderIdExt;
 use reth_optimism_chainspec::OpChainSpec;
+use reth_primitives_traits::SealedHeader;
 use reth_provider::{ChainSpecProvider, StateProviderFactory};
 use tips_core::types::{Bundle, MeterBundleResponse, ParsedBundle};
 use tracing::{error, info};
 
-use crate::{MeteringApiServer, meter_bundle};
+use crate::{FlashblockTrieCache, MeteringApiServer, meter_bundle};
 
-/// Implementation of the metering RPC API
+/// Implementation of the metering RPC API.
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct MeteringApiImpl<Provider> {
+pub struct MeteringApiImpl<Provider, FB> {
     provider: Provider,
+    flashblocks_state: Arc<FB>,
+    /// Cache for the latest flashblock's trie, ensuring each bundle's state root
+    /// calculation only measures the bundle's incremental I/O.
+    trie_cache: FlashblockTrieCache,
 }
 
-impl<Provider> MeteringApiImpl<Provider>
+impl<Provider, FB> MeteringApiImpl<Provider, FB>
 where
     Provider: StateProviderFactory
         + ChainSpecProvider<ChainSpec = OpChainSpec>
         + BlockReaderIdExt<Header = Header>
         + Clone,
+    FB: FlashblocksAPI,
 {
     /// Creates a new instance of MeteringApi
-    pub const fn new(provider: Provider) -> Self {
-        Self { provider }
+    pub fn new(provider: Provider, flashblocks_state: Arc<FB>) -> Self {
+        Self { provider, flashblocks_state, trie_cache: FlashblockTrieCache::new() }
     }
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
-impl<Provider> MeteringApiServer for MeteringApiImpl<Provider>
+impl<Provider, FB> MeteringApiServer for MeteringApiImpl<Provider, FB>
 where
     Provider: StateProviderFactory
         + ChainSpecProvider<ChainSpec = OpChainSpec>
@@ -39,6 +47,7 @@ where
         + Send
         + Sync
         + 'static,
+    FB: FlashblocksAPI + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
     async fn meter_bundle(&self, bundle: Bundle) -> RpcResult<MeterBundleResponse> {
         info!(
@@ -47,24 +56,56 @@ where
             "Starting bundle metering"
         );
 
-        // Get the latest header
-        let header = self
-            .provider
-            .sealed_header_by_number_or_tag(BlockNumberOrTag::Latest)
-            .map_err(|e| {
-                jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
-                    jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
-                    format!("Failed to get latest header: {}", e),
-                    None::<()>,
-                )
-            })?
-            .ok_or_else(|| {
-                jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
-                    jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
-                    "Latest block not found".to_string(),
-                    None::<()>,
-                )
-            })?;
+        // Get pending flashblocks state
+        let pending_blocks = self.flashblocks_state.get_pending_blocks();
+
+        // Get header and flashblock index from pending blocks
+        // If no pending blocks exist, fall back to latest canonical block
+        let (header, flashblock_index, canonical_block_number) =
+            if let Some(pb) = pending_blocks.as_ref() {
+                let latest_header: Sealed<Header> = pb.latest_header();
+                let flashblock_index = pb.latest_flashblock_index();
+                let canonical_block_number = pb.canonical_block_number();
+
+                info!(
+                    latest_block = latest_header.number,
+                    canonical_block = %canonical_block_number,
+                    flashblock_index = flashblock_index,
+                    "Using latest flashblock state for metering"
+                );
+
+                // Convert Sealed<Header> to SealedHeader
+                let sealed_header =
+                    SealedHeader::new(latest_header.inner().clone(), latest_header.hash());
+                (sealed_header, flashblock_index, canonical_block_number)
+            } else {
+                // No pending blocks, use latest canonical block
+                let canonical_block_number = pending_blocks.get_canonical_block_number();
+                let header = self
+                    .provider
+                    .sealed_header_by_number_or_tag(canonical_block_number)
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
+                            jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
+                            format!("Failed to get canonical block header: {}", e),
+                            None::<()>,
+                        )
+                    })?
+                    .ok_or_else(|| {
+                        jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
+                            jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
+                            "Canonical block not found".to_string(),
+                            None::<()>,
+                        )
+                    })?;
+
+                info!(
+                    canonical_block = header.number,
+                    "No flashblocks available, using canonical block state for metering"
+                );
+
+                (header, 0, canonical_block_number)
+            };
 
         let parsed_bundle = ParsedBundle::try_from(bundle).map_err(|e| {
             jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
@@ -74,54 +115,93 @@ where
             )
         })?;
 
-        // Get state provider for the block
-        let state_provider = self.provider.state_by_block_hash(header.hash()).map_err(|e| {
-            error!(error = %e, "Failed to get state provider");
+        // Get state provider for the canonical block
+        let state_provider =
+            self.provider.state_by_block_number_or_tag(canonical_block_number).map_err(|e| {
+                error!(error = %e, "Failed to get state provider");
+                jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
+                    jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
+                    format!("Failed to get state provider: {}", e),
+                    None::<()>,
+                )
+            })?;
+
+        // If we have pending flashblocks, get the state to apply pending changes
+        let flashblocks_state = pending_blocks.as_ref().map(|pb| crate::FlashblocksState {
+            cache: pb.get_db_cache(),
+            bundle_state: pb.get_bundle_state(),
+        });
+
+        // Get the flashblock index if we have pending flashblocks
+        let state_flashblock_index = pending_blocks.as_ref().map(|pb| pb.latest_flashblock_index());
+
+        // Ensure the flashblock trie is cached for reuse across bundle simulations
+        let cached_trie = if let Some(ref fb_state) = flashblocks_state {
+            let fb_index = state_flashblock_index.unwrap();
+            Some(
+                self.trie_cache
+                    .ensure_cached(header.hash(), fb_index, fb_state, &*state_provider)
+                    .map_err(|e| {
+                        error!(error = %e, "Failed to cache flashblock trie");
+                        jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
+                            jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
+                            format!("Failed to cache flashblock trie: {}", e),
+                            None::<()>,
+                        )
+                    })?,
+            )
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        // Meter bundle using utility function
+        let result = meter_bundle(
+            state_provider,
+            self.provider.chain_spec(),
+            parsed_bundle,
+            &header,
+            flashblocks_state,
+            cached_trie,
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            error!(error = %e, "Bundle metering failed");
             jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
                 jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
-                format!("Failed to get state provider: {}", e),
+                format!("Bundle metering failed: {}", e),
                 None::<()>,
             )
         })?;
 
-        // Meter bundle using utility function
-        let (results, total_gas_used, total_gas_fees, bundle_hash, total_execution_time) =
-            meter_bundle(state_provider, self.provider.chain_spec(), parsed_bundle, &header)
-                .map_err(|e| {
-                    error!(error = %e, "Bundle metering failed");
-                    jsonrpsee::types::ErrorObjectOwned::owned(
-                        jsonrpsee::types::ErrorCode::InternalError.code(),
-                        format!("Bundle metering failed: {}", e),
-                        None::<()>,
-                    )
-                })?;
-
         // Calculate average gas price
-        let bundle_gas_price = if total_gas_used > 0 {
-            total_gas_fees / U256::from(total_gas_used)
+        let bundle_gas_price = if result.total_gas_used > 0 {
+            result.total_gas_fees / U256::from(result.total_gas_used)
         } else {
             U256::from(0)
         };
 
         info!(
-            bundle_hash = %bundle_hash,
-            num_transactions = results.len(),
-            total_gas_used = total_gas_used,
-            total_execution_time_us = total_execution_time,
+            bundle_hash = %result.bundle_hash,
+            num_transactions = result.results.len(),
+            total_gas_used = result.total_gas_used,
+            total_time_us = result.total_time_us,
+            state_block_number = header.number,
+            flashblock_index = flashblock_index,
             "Bundle metering completed successfully"
         );
 
         Ok(MeterBundleResponse {
             bundle_gas_price,
-            bundle_hash,
-            coinbase_diff: total_gas_fees,
+            bundle_hash: result.bundle_hash,
+            coinbase_diff: result.total_gas_fees,
             eth_sent_to_coinbase: U256::from(0),
-            gas_fees: total_gas_fees,
-            results,
+            gas_fees: result.total_gas_fees,
+            results: result.results,
             state_block_number: header.number,
-            state_flashblock_index: None,
-            total_gas_used,
-            total_execution_time_us: total_execution_time,
+            state_flashblock_index,
+            total_gas_used: result.total_gas_used,
+            // TODO: reintroduce state_root_time_us once tips-core exposes it again.
+            // TODO: rename total_execution_time_us to total_time_us since it includes state root time
+            total_execution_time_us: result.total_time_us,
         })
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/rpc/src/base/mod.rs b/crates/rpc/src/base/mod.rs
index b4097c40..f7bee2a8 100644
--- a/crates/rpc/src/base/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc/src/base/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+pub(crate) mod flashblock_trie_cache;
 pub(crate) mod meter;
 pub(crate) mod meter_rpc;
 pub(crate) mod pubsub;
diff --git a/crates/rpc/src/lib.rs b/crates/rpc/src/lib.rs
index 5a5db0a0..4f0facc3 100644
--- a/crates/rpc/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ pub use tips_core::types::{Bundle, MeterBundleResponse, TransactionResult};
 
 mod base;
 pub use base::{
-    meter::meter_bundle,
+    flashblock_trie_cache::{FlashblockTrieCache, FlashblockTrieData},
+    meter::{FlashblocksState, MeterBundleOutput, meter_bundle},
     meter_rpc::MeteringApiImpl,
     pubsub::{EthPubSub, EthPubSubApiServer},
     traits::{MeteringApiServer, TransactionStatusApiServer},
diff --git a/crates/rpc/tests/meter.rs b/crates/rpc/tests/meter.rs
index 23235233..ce421868 100644
--- a/crates/rpc/tests/meter.rs
+++ b/crates/rpc/tests/meter.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ use base_reth_test_utils::create_provider_factory;
 use eyre::Context;
 use op_alloy_consensus::OpTxEnvelope;
 use rand::{SeedableRng, rngs::StdRng};
-use reth::{api::NodeTypesWithDBAdapter, chainspec::EthChainSpec};
+use reth::{
+    api::NodeTypesWithDBAdapter,
+    chainspec::EthChainSpec,
+    revm::db::{BundleState, Cache},
+};
 use reth_db::{DatabaseEnv, test_utils::TempDatabase};
 use reth_optimism_chainspec::{BASE_MAINNET, OpChainSpec, OpChainSpecBuilder};
 use reth_optimism_node::OpNode;
@@ -20,6 +24,7 @@ use reth_primitives_traits::SealedHeader;
 use reth_provider::{HeaderProvider, StateProviderFactory, providers::BlockchainProvider};
 use reth_testing_utils::generators::generate_keys;
 use reth_transaction_pool::test_utils::TransactionBuilder;
+use revm::primitives::KECCAK_EMPTY;
 use tips_core::types::{Bundle, ParsedBundle};
 
 type NodeTypes = NodeTypesWithDBAdapter<OpNode, Arc<TempDatabase<DatabaseEnv>>>;
@@ -136,15 +141,22 @@ fn meter_bundle_empty_transactions() -> eyre::Result<()> {
 
     let parsed_bundle = create_parsed_bundle(Vec::new())?;
 
-    let (results, total_gas_used, total_gas_fees, bundle_hash, total_execution_time) =
-        meter_bundle(state_provider, harness.chain_spec.clone(), parsed_bundle, &harness.header)?;
-
-    assert!(results.is_empty());
-    assert_eq!(total_gas_used, 0);
-    assert_eq!(total_gas_fees, U256::ZERO);
+    let output = meter_bundle(
+        state_provider,
+        harness.chain_spec.clone(),
+        parsed_bundle,
+        &harness.header,
+        None,
+        None,
+    )?;
+
+    assert!(output.results.is_empty());
+    assert_eq!(output.total_gas_used, 0);
+    assert_eq!(output.total_gas_fees, U256::ZERO);
     // Even empty bundles have some EVM setup overhead
-    assert!(total_execution_time > 0);
-    assert_eq!(bundle_hash, keccak256([]));
+    assert!(output.total_time_us > 0);
+    assert!(output.state_root_time_us > 0);
+    assert_eq!(output.bundle_hash, keccak256([]));
 
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -178,12 +190,19 @@ fn meter_bundle_single_transaction() -> eyre::Result<()> {
 
     let parsed_bundle = create_parsed_bundle(vec![envelope.clone()])?;
 
-    let (results, total_gas_used, total_gas_fees, bundle_hash, total_execution_time) =
-        meter_bundle(state_provider, harness.chain_spec.clone(), parsed_bundle, &harness.header)?;
+    let output = meter_bundle(
+        state_provider,
+        harness.chain_spec.clone(),
+        parsed_bundle,
+        &harness.header,
+        None,
+        None,
+    )?;
 
-    assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
-    let result = &results[0];
-    assert!(total_execution_time > 0);
+    assert_eq!(output.results.len(), 1);
+    let result = &output.results[0];
+    assert!(output.total_time_us > 0);
+    assert!(output.state_root_time_us > 0);
 
     assert_eq!(result.from_address, harness.address(User::Alice));
     assert_eq!(result.to_address, Some(to));
@@ -192,12 +211,12 @@ fn meter_bundle_single_transaction() -> eyre::Result<()> {
     assert_eq!(result.gas_used, 21_000);
     assert_eq!(result.coinbase_diff, (U256::from(21_000) * U256::from(10)),);
 
-    assert_eq!(total_gas_used, 21_000);
-    assert_eq!(total_gas_fees, U256::from(21_000) * U256::from(10));
+    assert_eq!(output.total_gas_used, 21_000);
+    assert_eq!(output.total_gas_fees, U256::from(21_000) * U256::from(10));
 
     let mut concatenated = Vec::with_capacity(32);
     concatenated.extend_from_slice(tx_hash.as_slice());
-    assert_eq!(bundle_hash, keccak256(concatenated));
+    assert_eq!(output.bundle_hash, keccak256(concatenated));
 
     assert!(result.execution_time_us > 0, "execution_time_us should be greater than zero");
 
@@ -255,14 +274,21 @@ fn meter_bundle_multiple_transactions() -> eyre::Result<()> {
 
     let parsed_bundle = create_parsed_bundle(vec![envelope_1.clone(), envelope_2.clone()])?;
 
-    let (results, total_gas_used, total_gas_fees, bundle_hash, total_execution_time) =
-        meter_bundle(state_provider, harness.chain_spec.clone(), parsed_bundle, &harness.header)?;
+    let output = meter_bundle(
+        state_provider,
+        harness.chain_spec.clone(),
+        parsed_bundle,
+        &harness.header,
+        None,
+        None,
+    )?;
 
-    assert_eq!(results.len(), 2);
-    assert!(total_execution_time > 0);
+    assert_eq!(output.results.len(), 2);
+    assert!(output.total_time_us > 0);
+    assert!(output.state_root_time_us > 0);
 
     // Check first transaction
-    let result_1 = &results[0];
+    let result_1 = &output.results[0];
     assert_eq!(result_1.from_address, harness.address(User::Alice));
     assert_eq!(result_1.to_address, Some(to_1));
     assert_eq!(result_1.tx_hash, tx_hash_1);
@@ -271,7 +297,7 @@ fn meter_bundle_multiple_transactions() -> eyre::Result<()> {
     assert_eq!(result_1.coinbase_diff, (U256::from(21_000) * U256::from(10)),);
 
     // Check second transaction
-    let result_2 = &results[1];
+    let result_2 = &output.results[1];
     assert_eq!(result_2.from_address, harness.address(User::Bob));
     assert_eq!(result_2.to_address, Some(to_2));
     assert_eq!(result_2.tx_hash, tx_hash_2);
@@ -280,19 +306,166 @@ fn meter_bundle_multiple_transactions() -> eyre::Result<()> {
     assert_eq!(result_2.coinbase_diff, U256::from(21_000) * U256::from(15),);
 
     // Check aggregated values
-    assert_eq!(total_gas_used, 42_000);
+    assert_eq!(output.total_gas_used, 42_000);
     let expected_total_fees =
         U256::from(21_000) * U256::from(10) + U256::from(21_000) * U256::from(15);
-    assert_eq!(total_gas_fees, expected_total_fees);
+    assert_eq!(output.total_gas_fees, expected_total_fees);
 
     // Check bundle hash includes both transactions
     let mut concatenated = Vec::with_capacity(64);
     concatenated.extend_from_slice(tx_hash_1.as_slice());
     concatenated.extend_from_slice(tx_hash_2.as_slice());
-    assert_eq!(bundle_hash, keccak256(concatenated));
+    assert_eq!(output.bundle_hash, keccak256(concatenated));
 
     assert!(result_1.execution_time_us > 0, "execution_time_us should be greater than zero");
     assert!(result_2.execution_time_us > 0, "execution_time_us should be greater than zero");
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn meter_bundle_state_root_time_invariant() -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    let harness = setup_harness()?;
+
+    let to = Address::random();
+    let signed_tx = TransactionBuilder::default()
+        .signer(harness.signer(User::Alice))
+        .chain_id(harness.chain_spec.chain_id())
+        .nonce(0)
+        .to(to)
+        .value(1_000)
+        .gas_limit(21_000)
+        .max_fee_per_gas(10)
+        .max_priority_fee_per_gas(1)
+        .into_eip1559();
+
+    let tx =
+        OpTransactionSigned::Eip1559(signed_tx.as_eip1559().expect("eip1559 transaction").clone());
+
+    let envelope = envelope_from_signed(&tx)?;
+
+    let state_provider = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    let parsed_bundle = create_parsed_bundle(vec![envelope.clone()])?;
+
+    let output = meter_bundle(
+        state_provider,
+        harness.chain_spec.clone(),
+        parsed_bundle,
+        &harness.header,
+        None,
+        None,
+    )?;
+
+    // Verify invariant: total time must include state root time
+    assert!(
+        output.total_time_us >= output.state_root_time_us,
+        "total_time_us ({}) should be >= state_root_time_us ({})",
+        output.total_time_us,
+        output.state_root_time_us
+    );
+
+    // State root time should be non-zero
+    assert!(output.state_root_time_us > 0, "state_root_time_us should be greater than zero");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Integration test: verifies meter_bundle uses flashblocks state correctly.
+///
+/// A transaction using nonce=1 should fail without flashblocks state (since
+/// canonical nonce is 0), but succeed when flashblocks state indicates nonce=1.
+#[test]
+fn meter_bundle_requires_correct_layering_for_pending_nonce() -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    let harness = setup_harness()?;
+    let alice_address = harness.address(User::Alice);
+
+    // Create a transaction that requires nonce=1 (assuming canonical nonce is 0)
+    let to = Address::random();
+    let signed_tx = TransactionBuilder::default()
+        .signer(harness.signer(User::Alice))
+        .chain_id(harness.chain_spec.chain_id())
+        .nonce(1) // Requires pending state to have nonce=1
+        .to(to)
+        .value(100)
+        .gas_limit(21_000)
+        .max_fee_per_gas(10)
+        .max_priority_fee_per_gas(1)
+        .into_eip1559();
+
+    let tx =
+        OpTransactionSigned::Eip1559(signed_tx.as_eip1559().expect("eip1559 transaction").clone());
+    let envelope = envelope_from_signed(&tx)?;
+    let parsed_bundle = create_parsed_bundle(vec![envelope])?;
+
+    // Without flashblocks state, transaction should fail (nonce mismatch)
+    let state_provider = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    let result_without_flashblocks = meter_bundle(
+        state_provider,
+        harness.chain_spec.clone(),
+        parsed_bundle.clone(),
+        &harness.header,
+        None, // No flashblocks state
+        None,
+    );
+
+    assert!(
+        result_without_flashblocks.is_err(),
+        "Transaction with nonce=1 should fail without pending state (canonical nonce is 0)"
+    );
+
+    // Now create flashblocks state with nonce=1 for Alice
+    // Use BundleState::new() to properly calculate state_size
+    let bundle_state = BundleState::new(
+        [(
+            alice_address,
+            Some(revm::state::AccountInfo {
+                balance: U256::from(1_000_000_000u64),
+                nonce: 0, // original
+                code_hash: KECCAK_EMPTY,
+                code: None,
+            }),
+            Some(revm::state::AccountInfo {
+                balance: U256::from(1_000_000_000u64),
+                nonce: 1, // pending (after first flashblock tx)
+                code_hash: KECCAK_EMPTY,
+                code: None,
+            }),
+            Default::default(), // no storage changes
+        )],
+        Vec::<Vec<(Address, Option<Option<revm::state::AccountInfo>>, Vec<(U256, U256)>)>>::new(),
+        Vec::<(B256, revm::bytecode::Bytecode)>::new(),
+    );
+
+    let flashblocks_state = FlashblocksState { cache: Cache::default(), bundle_state };
+
+    // With correct flashblocks state, transaction should succeed
+    let state_provider2 = harness
+        .provider
+        .state_by_block_hash(harness.header.hash())
+        .context("getting state provider")?;
+
+    let result_with_flashblocks = meter_bundle(
+        state_provider2,
+        harness.chain_spec.clone(),
+        parsed_bundle,
+        &harness.header,
+        Some(flashblocks_state),
+        None,
+    );
+
+    assert!(
+        result_with_flashblocks.is_ok(),
+        "Transaction with nonce=1 should succeed with pending state showing nonce=1: {:?}",
+        result_with_flashblocks.err()
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/runner/src/extensions/rpc.rs b/crates/runner/src/extensions/rpc.rs
index 164a3af5..06be28e2 100644
--- a/crates/runner/src/extensions/rpc.rs
+++ b/crates/runner/src/extensions/rpc.rs
@@ -49,12 +49,6 @@ impl BaseNodeExtension for BaseRpcExtension {
         let sequencer_rpc = self.sequencer_rpc.clone();
 
         builder.extend_rpc_modules(move |ctx| {
-            if metering_enabled {
-                info!(message = "Starting Metering RPC");
-                let metering_api = MeteringApiImpl::new(ctx.provider().clone());
-                ctx.modules.merge_configured(metering_api.into_rpc())?;
-            }
-
             let proxy_api =
                 TransactionStatusApiImpl::new(sequencer_rpc.clone(), ctx.pool().clone())
                     .expect("Failed to create transaction status proxy");
@@ -77,6 +71,13 @@ impl BaseNodeExtension for BaseRpcExtension {
                 let mut flashblocks_client = FlashblocksSubscriber::new(fb.clone(), ws_url);
                 flashblocks_client.start();
 
+                // Metering API requires flashblocks state to access pending blocks for bundle simulation
+                if metering_enabled {
+                    info!(message = "Starting Metering RPC");
+                    let metering_api = MeteringApiImpl::new(ctx.provider().clone(), fb.clone());
+                    ctx.modules.merge_configured(metering_api.into_rpc())?;
+                }
+
                 let api_ext = EthApiExt::new(
                     ctx.registry.eth_api().clone(),
                     ctx.registry.eth_handlers().filter.clone(),
@@ -91,6 +92,9 @@ impl BaseNodeExtension for BaseRpcExtension {
                 ctx.modules.replace_configured(eth_pubsub.into_rpc())?;
             } else {
                 info!(message = "flashblocks integration is disabled");
+                if metering_enabled {
+                    info!(message = "Metering RPC requires flashblocks to be enabled - skipping");
+                }
             }
 
             Ok(())