[ php-wasm ] Disable profiling data file generation at runtime (#2998)

## Motivation for the change, related issues

Related to #2993

Because of the Emscripten upgrade from `4.0.5` to `4.0.19`, a new file
appeared when running the virtual filesystem. Mostly invisible until I
mounted a directory. This pull request disables the profiling data
generated file.

## Implementation details

- Add a `root/replace` in `base-image` Dockerfile.
- Add a test in `filesystems.spec.ts` 

## Testing Instructions (or ideally a Blueprint)

CI

or 

```javascript
import { PHP } from '@php-wasm/universal';
import { loadNodeRuntime } from "@php-wasm/node";

const php = new PHP(await loadNodeRuntime('8.4'));

console.log(php.listFiles('/'));
```

```diff
[
  'tmp',
  'home',
  'dev',
  'proc',
  'request',
  'internal',
-  'default.profraw'
]
```

Author: mho22