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List of elements

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The following is a list of the 118 identified chemical elements.

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Contents

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List[edit]

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ZSymElementOrigin of name[1][2]GroupPeriodAtomic weight
+u ()		Density
+g/cm3		Melt
+K		Boil
+K		Heat
+J/gK		Neg10Abundance
+mg/kg
 
-999 !a !a !a-999-999-999-999-999-999-999-999-999
1HHydrogencomposed of the Greek elements hydro- and -gen meaning 'water-forming'111.0082 3 4 90.0000898814.0120.2814.3042.201400
2HeHeliumthe Greek helios, 'sun'1814.002602(2)2 40.00017850.9564.225.1930.008
3LiLithiumthe Greek lithos, 'stone'126.942 3 4 5 90.534453.6915603.5820.9820
4BeBerylliumberyl, a mineral229.012182(3)1.85156027421.8251.572.8
5BBoronborax, a mineral13210.812 3 4 92.34234942001.0262.0410
6CCarbonthe Latin carbo, 'charcoal'14212.0112 4 92.267380043000.7092.55200
7NNitrogenthe Greek nitron and '-gen' meaning 'niter-forming'15214.0072 4 90.001250663.1577.361.043.0419
8OOxygenfrom the Greek oxy-, both 'sharp' and 'acid', and -gen, meaning 'acid-forming'16215.9992 4 90.00142954.3690.200.9183.44461000
9FFluorinethe Latin fluere, 'to flow'17218.9984032(5)0.00169653.5385.030.8243.98585
10NeNeonthe Greek neos, meaning 'new'18220.1797(6)2 30.000899924.5627.071.030.005
11NaSodiumthe English word soda (natrium in Latin)[3]1322.98976928(2)0.971370.8711561.2280.9323600
12MgMagnesiumMagnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece2324.30591.73892313631.0231.3123300
13AlAluminiumfrom alumina, a compound (originally aluminum)13326.9815386(8)2.698933.47[4]27920.8971.6182300
14SiSiliconfrom the Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium)14328.0854 92.3296168735380.7051.9282000
15PPhosphorusthe Greek phoosphoros, 'carrying light'15330.973762(2)1.82317.305500.7692.191050
16SSulfurLatin sulphur, 'sulfur'16332.062 4 92.067388.36717.870.712.58350
17ClChlorinethe Greek chloros, 'greenish yellow'17335.452 3 4 90.003214171.6239.110.4793.16145
18ArArgonthe Greek argos, 'idle'18339.948(1)2 40.001783783.8087.300.523.5
19KPotassiumNew Latin potassa, 'potash' (kalium in Latin)[3]1439.0983(1)0.862336.5310320.7570.8220900
20CaCalciumthe Latin calx, 'lime'2440.078(4)21.54111517570.647141500
21ScScandiumScandia, the Latin name for Scandinavia3444.955912(6)2.989181431090.5681.3622
22TiTitaniumTitans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology4447.867(1)4.54194135600.5231.545650
23VVanadiumVanadis, an old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja5450.9415(1)6.11218336800.4891.63120
24CrChromiumthe Greek chroma, 'color'6451.9961(6)7.15218029440.4491.66102
25MnManganesecorrupted from magnesia negra, see Magnesium7454.938045(5)7.44151923340.4791.55950
26FeIronEnglish word (ferrum in Latin)8455.845(2)7.874181131340.4491.8356300
27CoCobaltthe German word Kobold, 'goblin'9458.933195(5)8.86176832000.4211.8825
28NiNickelfrom Swedish kopparnickel, containing the German word Nickel, 'goblin'10458.6934(4)8.912172831860.4441.9184
29CuCopperEnglish word (Latin cuprum)11463.546(3)48.961357.77[4]28350.3851.960
30ZnZincthe German Zink12465.38(2)7.134692.8811800.3881.6570
31GaGalliumGallia, the Latin name for France13469.723(1)5.907302.914624770.3711.8119
32GeGermaniumGermania, the Latin name for Germany14472.630(8)5.3231211.4031060.322.011.5
33AsArsenicEnglish word (Latin arsenicum)15474.92160(2)5.7761090 78870.3292.181.8
34SeSeleniumthe Greek selene, 'moon'16478.96(3)44.8094539580.3212.550.05
35BrBrominethe Greek bromos, 'stench'17479.90493.122265.8332.00.4742.962.4
36KrKryptonthe Greek kryptos, 'hidden'18483.798(2)2 30.003733115.79119.930.2483110-4
37RbRubidiumthe Latin rubidus, 'deep red'1585.4678(3)21.532312.469610.3630.8290
38SrStrontiumStrontian, a small town in Scotland2587.62(1)2 42.64105016550.3010.95370
39YYttriumYtterby, Sweden3588.90585(2)4.469179936090.2981.2233
40ZrZirconiumGerman Zirkoon, 'jargoon'4591.224(2)26.506212846820.2781.33165
41NbNiobiumNiobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology5592.90638(2)8.57275050170.2651.620
42MoMolybdenumthe Greek molybdos meaning 'lead'6595.96(2)210.22289649120.2512.161.2
43TcTechnetiumthe Greek tekhntos meaning 'artificial'75[98]111.5243045381.9~ 310-9
44RuRutheniumRuthenia, the New Latin name for Russia85101.07(2)212.37260744230.2382.20.001
45RhRhodiumthe Greek rhodos, meaning 'rose coloured'95102.90550(2)12.41223739680.2432.280.001
46PdPalladiumthe then recently discovered asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time105106.42(1)212.021828.0532360.2442.20.015
47AgSilverEnglish word (argentum in Latin)[3]115107.8682(2)210.5011234.93[4]24350.2351.930.075
48CdCadmiumthe New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos125112.411(8)28.69594.2210400.2321.690.159
49InIndiumindigo135114.818(1)7.31429.7523450.2331.780.25
50SnTinEnglish word (stannum in Latin)145118.710(7)27.287505.0828750.2281.962.3
51SbAntimonycomposed from the Greek anti, 'against', and monos, 'alone' (stibium in Latin)155121.760(1)26.685903.7818600.2072.050.2
52TeTelluriumLatin tellus, 'earth'165127.60(3)26.232722.6612610.2022.10.001
53IIodineFrench iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet')175126.90447(3)4.93386.85457.40.2142.660.45
54XeXenonthe Greek xenos, 'strange'185131.293(6)2 30.005887161.4165.030.1582.6310-5
55CsCaesiumthe Latin caesius, 'sky blue'16132.9054519(2)1.873301.599440.2420.793
56BaBariumthe Greek barys, 'heavy'26137.327(7)3.594100021700.2040.89425
57LaLanthanumthe Greek lanthanein, 'to lie hidden'6138.90547(7)26.145119337370.1951.139
58CeCeriumthe then recently discovered asteroid Ceres, considered a planet at the time6140.116(1)26.77106837160.1921.1266.5
59PrPraseodymiumthe Greek praseios didymos meaning 'green twin'6140.90765(2)6.773120837930.1931.139.2
60NdNeodymiumthe Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'6144.242(3)27.007129733470.191.1441.5
61PmPromethiumPrometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans6[145]17.26131532731.13210-19
62SmSamariumSamarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated6150.36(2)27.52134520670.1971.177.05
63EuEuropiumEurope6151.964(1)25.243109918020.1821.22
64GdGadoliniumJohan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist6157.25(3)27.895158535460.2361.26.2
65TbTerbiumYtterby, Sweden6158.92535(2)8.229162935030.1821.21.2
66DyDysprosiumthe Greek dysprositos, 'hard to get'6162.500(1)28.55168028400.171.225.2
67HoHolmiumHolmia, the New Latin name for Stockholm6164.93032(2)8.795173429930.1651.231.3
68ErErbiumYtterby, Sweden6167.259(3)29.066180231410.1681.243.5
69TmThuliumThule, the ancient name for Scandinavia6168.93421(2)9.321181822230.161.250.52
70YbYtterbiumYtterby, Sweden6173.054(5)26.965109714690.1551.13.2
71LuLutetiumLutetia, the Latin name for Paris36174.9668(1)29.84192536750.1541.270.8
72HfHafniumHafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen46178.49(2)13.31250648760.1441.33
73TaTantalumKing Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology56180.94788(2)16.654329057310.141.52
74WTungstenthe Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)[3]66183.84(1)19.25369558280.1322.361.3
75ReRheniumRhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine76186.207(1)21.02345958690.1371.9710-4
76OsOsmiumthe Greek osm, meaning 'smell'86190.23(3)222.61330652850.132.20.002
77IrIridiumIris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow96192.217(3)22.56271947010.1312.20.001
78PtPlatinumthe Spanish platina, meaning 'little silver'106195.084(9)21.462041.4[4]40980.1332.280.005
79AuGoldEnglish word (aurum in Latin)116196.966569(4)19.2821337.33[4]31290.1292.540.004
80HgMercurythe New Latin name mercurius, named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr-, 'water', and argyros, 'silver')126200.592(3)13.5336234.43629.880.1420.085
81TlThalliumthe Greek thallos, 'green twig'136204.38911.8557717460.1291.620.85
82PbLeadEnglish word (plumbum in Latin)[3]146207.2(1)2 411.342600.6120220.1291.8714
83BiBismuthGerman word, now obsolete156208.98040(1)19.807544.718370.1222.020.009
84PoPoloniumPolonia, the New Latin name for Poland166[209]19.3252712352.0210-10
85AtAstatinethe Greek astatos, 'unstable'176[210]175756102.2310-20
86RnRadonFrom radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay186[222]10.00973202211.30.0942.2410-13
87FrFranciumFrancia, the New Latin name for France17[223]11.873009500.7~ 110-18
88RaRadiumthe Latin radius, 'ray'27[226]15.597320100.0940.9910-9
89AcActiniumthe Greek aktis, 'ray'7[227]110.07132334710.121.15.510-10
90ThThoriumThor, the Scandinavian god of thunder7232.03806(2)1 211.72211550610.1131.39.6
91PaProtactiniumthe Greek protos, 'first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium7231.03588(2)115.37184143001.51.410-6
92UUraniumUranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System7238.02891(3)118.951405.344040.1161.382.7
93NpNeptuniumNeptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System7[237]120.4591742731.36= 310-12
94PuPlutoniumPluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System7[244]119.84912.535011.28= 310-11
95AmAmericiumThe Americas, as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium7[243]113.69144928801.13~ 10-27
96CmCuriumPierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium7[247]113.51161333831.28~ 10-32
97BkBerkeliumBerkeley, California, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium7[247]114.79125929001.3~ 0
98CfCaliforniumCalifornia, where the element was first synthesized7[251]115.11173(1743)111.3~ 0
99EsEinsteiniumAlbert Einstein, physicist7[252]18.841133(1269)111.30 8
100FmFermiumEnrico Fermi, physicist7[257]1(1125)111.30 8
101MdMendeleviumDmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor7[258]1(1100)111.30 8
102NoNobeliumAlfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer7[259]1(1100)111.30 8
103LrLawrenciumErnest O. Lawrence, physicist37[266]1(1900)111.30 8
104RfRutherfordiumErnest Rutherford, chemist and physicist47[267]1(23.2)11(2400)11(5800)110 8
105DbDubniumDubna, Russia57[268]1(29.3)110 8
106SgSeaborgiumGlenn T. Seaborg, scientist67[269]1(35.0)110 8
107BhBohriumNiels Bohr, physicist77[270]1(37.1)110 8
108HsHassiumHesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized87[269]1(40.7)110 8
109MtMeitneriumLise Meitner, physicist97[278]1(37.4)110 8
110DsDarmstadtiumDarmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized107[281]1(34.8)110 8
111RgRoentgeniumWilhelm Conrad Rntgen, physicist117[281]1(28.7)110 8
112CnCoperniciumNicolaus Copernicus, astronomer127[285]1(23.7)11357 120 8
113UutUnuntriumIUPAC systematic element name137[286]1(16)11(700)11(1400)110 8
114FlFleroviumGeorgy Flyorov, physicist147[289]1(14)11(340)11(420)110 8
115UupUnunpentiumIUPAC systematic element name157[289]1(13.5)11(700)11(1400)110 8
116LvLivermoriumLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (in Livermore, California) which collaborated with JINR on its synthesis167[293]1(12.9)11(708.5)11(1085)110 8
117UusUnunseptiumIUPAC systematic element name177[294]1(7.2)11(673)11(823)110 8
118UuoUnunoctiumIUPAC systematic element name187[294]1(5.0)11 13(258)11(263)110 8
9e99~z~z9e999e999e999e999e999e999e999e999e99
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Categories in the metalnonmetal trend +
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Background color shows subcategory in the metalmetalloidnonmetal trend:
MetalMetalloidNonmetalUnknown
+chemical
+properties
Alkali metalAlkaline earth metalLanthanideActinideTransition metalPost-?transition metalPolyatomic nonmetalDiatomic nonmetalNoble gas
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Notes[edit]

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    +
  • ^1 The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, four such elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given.
    • +
  • ^2 The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
    • +
  • ^3 The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
    • +
  • ^4 The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
    • +
  • ^5 The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
    • +
  • ^6 This element does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. The value listed above, 0.95 K, is the temperature at which helium does solidify at a pressure of 25 atmospheres.
    • +
  • ^7 This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure
    • +
  • ^8 The transuranic elements 99 and above do not occur naturally, but some of them can be produced artificially.
    • +
  • ^9 The value listed is the conventional atomic-weight value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Since 2009, IUPAC provides the standard atomic-weight values for these elements using the interval notation. The corresponding standard atomic weights are: +
      +
    • Hydrogen: [1.00784, 1.00811]
      • +
    • Lithium: [6.938, 6.997]
      • +
    • Boron: [10.806, 10.821]
      • +
    • Carbon: [12.0096, 12.0116]
      • +
    • Nitrogen: [14.00643, 14.00728]
      • +
    • Oxygen: [15.99903, 15.99977]
      • +
    • Magnesium: [24.304, 24.307]
      • +
    • Silicon: [28.084, 28.086]
      • +
    • Sulfur: [32.059, 32.076]
      • +
    • Chlorine: [35.446, 35.457]
      • +
    • Bromine: [79.901, 79.907]
      • +
    • Thallium: [204.382, 204.385]
      • +
    +
    • +
  • ^10 Electronegativity on the Pauling scale. Standard symbol: ?
    • +
  • ^11 The value has not been precisely measured, usually because of the element's short half-life; the value given in parentheses is a prediction.
    • +
  • ^12 With error bars: 357+112
    +-108     K.
    • +
  • ^13 This predicted value is for liquid ununoctium, not gaseous ununoctium.
    • +
+

References[edit]

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+
    +
  1. ^ Royal Society of Chemistry Visual Element Periodic Table
    2. +
  2. ^ Online Etymological Dictionary
    3. +
  3. ^ a b c d e [1]
    4. +
  4. ^ a b c d e Holman, Lawrence and Barr
    5. +
+
+
    +
  • Wieser, Michael E. et al. (2013). "Atomic weights of the elements 2011 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. (IUPAC) 85 (5): 10471078. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02.  (for standard atomic weights of elements)
    • +
  • Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-06-06.  (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 103118)
    • +
+

External links[edit]

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  • Atoms made thinkable, an interactive visualisation of the elements allowing physical and chemical properties to be compared
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+
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+Periodic table (Large cells)
123456789101112131415161718
1HHe
2LiBeBCNOFNe
3NaMgAlSiPSClAr
4KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
5RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTe?I?Xe
6CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
7FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCn113Fl115Lv117118
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Alkali metalAlkaline earth metalLanthanideActinideTransition metalPost-?transition metalMetalloidPolyatomic nonmetalDiatomic nonmetalNoble gasUnknown
+chemical
+properties
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Periodic
+table
+forms		 +
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Standard + +
Extended + +
Alternative + +
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Named
+sets of
+elements		 +
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By
+periodic
+table
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Groups + +
Periods +
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Blocks + +
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By
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Metals + +
Metalloids + +
Nonmetals + +
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Other
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Elements +
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Lists + +
Properties + +
Data
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History + +
See also + +
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+ Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements&oldid=664007460"
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